點帶石斑魚（Epinephelus coioides）不耐低溫特性使其遇寒流時經常出現高凍死率。生物體細胞與特定胞器具雙層膜構造，膜上蛋白質參與物質輸送與訊號傳遞等重要功能。雙層膜中脂肪酸種類與膽固醇比例影響膜流動性，低溫會直接影響膜流動性阻礙膜上蛋白交互作用。先前研究顯示硬骨魚類經低溫適應後，組織內不飽和脂肪酸比例有提升現象，推測此過程幫助魚類在低溫環境下得以維持細胞膜流動性。本研究以投餵富含高度不飽和脂肪酸之FO飼料與富含飽和脂肪酸的L飼料，探討脂肪酸在點帶石斑魚鰓組織與肌肉組織累積情況，以及高度不飽和脂肪酸對低溫適應點帶石斑魚鰓上皮細胞膜上鈉鉀幫浦（NKA）、肌肉肌漿網膜鈣離子幫浦(SERCA)與肝臟粒線體細胞色素氧化酶（COX）活性與功能之調節。結果顯示餵食FO飼料後二十碳五烯酸（EPA）於鰓組織以及EPA與二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）於肌肉組織有看到累積現象。此外，FO飼料顯著提升18℃低溫適應點帶石斑魚鰓上NKA活性以及28℃適應肌肉SERCA活性，對於肝臟粒線體COX活性則無顯著影響。預先餵食FO飼料對於低溫適應魚隻生長表現有較好維持效果。

Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) has a low tolerance for cold and high mortalities during cold snap. Plasma membranes and some organelles have structure of lipid bilayer. Proteins on bilayer membrane are important for molecular delivery and signal transduction. Different kinds of fatty acids as well as the percentage of cholesterol affect membrane fluidity. Low temperature reduces membrane fluidity and interrupt membrane protein interaction. Previous studies showed that the percentage of fatty acids in teleost tissues increased after cold acclimation. The phenomenones are suspected to responsible for the maintenance of membrane fluidity. This research investigates the accumulation of fatty acids by fish fed with experimental diets. In addition, we also wanted to find out how HUFAs (highly unsaturated fatty acids) regulate the fuction of membrane proteins such as Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) in gill tissue, sarcoplasmic/ endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in muscle tissue, and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in liver mitochondrial. Feeding with fish oil (FO) supplemented diet can effectively elevate the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content in the gills and EPA and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) in the muscle tissue of grouper. Accumulation of highly unsaturated fatty acid in different organs or tissues can help maintain the function of membrane proteins such as NKA and sarcoplasmic/ endoplasmic reticulum SERCA and support their function under cold exposure conditions. In this study, NKA activity was found to be elevated in orange-spotted grouper after feeding with a long-term FO diet after 3 weeks of cold acclimation. However, SERCA activity was increased only in grouper fed with FO diet. In addition to membrane proteins activity, we found that cold-acclimated grouper had better body-weight maintenance after feeding for 6 weeks with the FO diet.

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