在台灣，降雨與地震是山區誘發崩塌的兩種主要因素。尤其在1999年在台灣中部發生的921大地震，以及2003年與2006年在東部發生的成功與卑南大地震，都為該區帶來大量的崩塌土方。本文的主要目的，在於分析與比較地震與降雨事件後崩塌特性之不同，於台灣中部與東部共選擇了大安溪、陳有蘭溪、太麻里溪與知本溪四個流域，以SPOT與FORMOSAT-II共30幅衛星影像，進行崩塌地的自動判釋工作，並應用地理資訊系統進行崩塌地地質、地文及水文特性的分析，其成果透過適合度檢定與機率分布模式進行率定，將各種崩塌地特性以適合之機率模式加以描述，藉以瞭解各種特性之變遷過程。成果顯示，在台灣地區對於崩塌地誘發最主要的因子仍為地震事件，各流域在震後都有崩塌率大幅增加之現象，流域內崩塌地面積都達震前之兩倍以上，且與地表最大加速度之分布有正比關係，更因山脊稜線加速度較大之故，導致震後崩塌空間發生區位改變，朝坡度較大與高程較高處移動；而降雨事件所誘發之崩塌，大多落於迎風坡面之坡向上，配合地震事件之空間特性，使各流域之崩塌空間發生區位都較震前明顯集中；最後，由崩塌地的集流面積之特性分布與距離溪流距離之特性分布來看，台灣目前的崩塌地主要仍與山間沖蝕溝之發展有關，因此，瞭解沖蝕溝的發展過程為將來崩塌特性研究之重要課題。

In Taiwan, rainfalls and earthquakes are the major factors to trigger landslides in mountainous area. Especially, on 21th September 1999, central Taiwan was suffered a severe raid from Chi-Chi earthquake. Plenty of landslides were triggered by such catastrophic events in Taiwan, which caused several serious geohazards after these events. The purpose of this research is to compare the characteristics of landslides caused by rainfalls and earthquakes. 4 major basins in Taiwan and 32 FORMOSAT-II satellite images were selected to survey the landslide before and after earthquake. The DEM, geologic data, and remote sensing can be applied to analyze the landslide positions by GIS techniques in study basins. The result shows that the slope, the aspect, and geologic characteristics are quite different because of triggering mechanism. In addition, the characteristics of landslides after earthquake are gradually changed, which explain the effect of earthquake is decreased with time.

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