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研究生：	利俊鴻 Lee, Chun-Hung
論文名稱：	電子用低介電材料之合成與性質之研究 Synthesis and properties of low dielectric materials for microelectronic application
指導教授：	王春山 Wang, Chun-Shan
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程學系 Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年：	2002
畢業學年度：	90
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	146
中文關鍵詞：	雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂、氰酸脂
外文關鍵詞：	BT resin, BMI, cyanate ester
相關次數：	點閱：103 下載：10
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中文摘要

本研究主題是採用輕油裂解的廉價副產物Dicyclopentadiene（DCPD）與Dipentene（DP）為原料，藉由原料的疏水性，低極性及剛硬性脂環狀結構，合成新穎含DCPD或DP結構之氰酸脂單體及雙馬來醯亞胺單體，以FT-IR、EA、Mass、NMR分析鑑定產物結構，確認無誤。
將所合成DCPD型和DP型氰酸脂單體，分別配合商業化常用單體（雙酚A二氰酸脂，BADCY）製成種類不同、比例不同之氰酸脂共聚酯，詳細探討DCPD和DP的結構在耐熱性，吸濕率，介電係數和介電損失，熱安定性及尺寸安定性的影響。由結果發現，DCPD及DP型氰酸脂硬化物的吸濕率（0.88％和0.95％）約為BADCY硬化物（1.77％）的一半，而介電係數約2.5～2.6，介電損失約0.003～0.029皆比商業化樹脂低很多，顯示DCPD和DP結構的導入，可以降低硬化樹脂的吸濕率、介電係數及介電損失，並且會有高的玻璃轉移溫度（250℃以上），良好的熱安定性（熱裂解溫度皆在420℃以上）及尺寸安定性。
雙馬來醯亞胺-三氮雜苯樹脂（bismaleimide-triazine resin），簡稱BT樹脂，是本論文的主要研究方向。此種樹脂是一種已商業化之積層樹脂，具耐高溫，抗溶劑性，低吸水性，低介電常數等特性，可以廣泛的應用於航太工業上的高溫接著劑，保護塗裝，複合基材，亦可應用於電子工業上的多層印刷電路板及封裝材料上。

將所合成的含DCPD和DP結構的雙馬來醯亞胺單體，配合DCPD和DP型氰酸脂單體，製成比例不同之DCPD和DP系列BT樹脂來和商業化BT樹脂作比較。由結果顯示，DCPD型和DP型BT樹脂的吸濕率分別為0.88～1.33％和0.95～1.34％，比商用BT樹脂（吸濕率1.77～5.46％）低很多；介電係數分別為2.53～2.98和2.56～2.99；介電損失則分別為0.003～0.033和0.005～0.035，皆比商用BT樹脂低很多。且DCPD和DP型BT樹脂皆有高玻璃轉移溫度（Tg約258～345℃），良好的熱安定性（熱裂解溫度在429℃以上）及尺寸安定性。綜合以上諸優異特性，可確定DCPD型和DP型BT樹脂皆為低吸濕率、低介電係數及低介電損失的高性能樹脂。

Abstract

In this thesis , new aromatic cyanate esters and bismaleimides were synthesized from dicyclopentadiene(DCPD) and dipentene(DP) , the inexpensive byproducts from naphtha cracker . The monomers were characterized by infrared (IR) , proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) , elemental analyses (EA) and mass spectra (MS) .
Both new cyanate ester monomers containing DCPD and DP were combined with commercial available monomer (bisphenol A dicyanate ester , BADCY) in various ratio to form cocyanate esters polymer .The influences of DCPD and DP structures on moisture absorption , dielectric constant , dielectric loss , thermal stability and dimensional stability were explored. The cured cyanate esters containing DCPD(or DP) were superior to commercial resins in moisture absorption and electric properties . The moisture absorption was about 0.88%(or 0.95%)；one half that of cured BADCY, and dielectric constants of cured DCPD(or DP) cyanate ester were ranged from 2.5~2.6 , dissipation factor were ranged from 0.003~0.029 , which were much lower than that of cured BADCY . Obviously , we can lower the moisture absorption , dielectric constant and dielectric loss by the use of DCPD and DP , and these cured resins all have high glass transition temperature(above 250℃) , excellent thermal stability(Td5% all above 420℃) and dimensional stability .

Synthesis of the bismaleimide triazine (BT) type resins which are high performance laminating resins are my major research object . The bismaleimide triazine resins have special features , such as better resistance to moisture absorption , excellent chemical resistance , good dimensional stability , low dielectric constant , and low dielectric loss , which make this type of resin important in the aerospace and electronic industries . Aerospace applications include high temperature adhesives, protective coatings and matrix resin for structural composite. Electronic applications include multilayer printed circuit boards , semiconductor encapsulants and interposer for IC.
The combination of bismaleimide containing DCPD (or DP) with DCPD(or DP) cyanate ester have produced a series of DCPD(or DP) BT resins which are compared with the commercially available BT resins . Observing from the results , the moisture absorption of DCPD(or DP) BT resins is 0.88~1.33%(or 0.95~1.34%) much lower than the regular BT resins(1.77~5.46%) ; the dielectric constant is about 2.53~2.98 (or 2.56~2.99), and the dielectric loss is about 0.003~0.033 (or 0.005~0.035) , which were much lower than the regular BT resins . Both DCPD and DP BT resins have high glass transition temperature (Tg about 258~345℃) , good thermal stability (Td above 429℃) , and dimensional stability suitable for the high performance applications .

總目錄

內容…………………………………………………………………..頁數
中文摘要………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………………………III
誌謝……………………………………………………………………V
總目錄…………………………………………………………………VI
表目錄…………………………………………………………………IX
圖目錄………………………………………………………………...XIV


第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………..1

 1-1  前言……………………………………………………………….1
 1-2  印刷電路基板的分類…………………………………………….1
 1-3  多層板材料要求………………………………………………….2
 1-4  未來需求之印刷電路板………………………………………….3
 1-5  高頻基板材料之需求…………………………………………….4
 1-6  本研究之目的及主要內容……………………………………….5

第二章 原理與文獻回顧………………………………………………11

 2-1  前言……………………………………………………………...11
 2-2…………………………………………………………………….. 11                  
  2-2-1  氰酸脂簡介與發展概況與應用……………………………..11
  2-2-2  cyanate ester 的合成反應原理……………………………...12
 2-3……………………………………………………………………...15
  2-3-1  雙馬來醯亞胺（Bismaleimide，BMI）……………….……….15
  2-3-2  雙馬來醯亞胺-三氮雜苯樹脂（BT resin）…………………..18
 2-4  電氣性質………………………………………………………...19
  2-4-1  介電常數與介電損失……………………………………….20
  2-4-2  影響介電常數的原因……………………………………….21


第三章 實驗……………………………………………………………25

 3-1  藥品與儀器……………………………………………………...25
  3-1-1  實驗藥品說明……………………………………………….25
  3-1-2  儀器設備說明……………………………………………….27
  3-1-3  反應裝置說明……………………………………………….28
 3-2  實驗步驟………………………………………………………...29
  3-2-1  DCPD（Dicyclopentadiene）型Novolac之合成…………..29
  3-2-2  DP（Dipentene）型Novolac之合成……………………….30
  3-2-3  氰酸脂（cyanate ester）之合成…………………………….31
  3-2-4  二硝基（dinitro）單體之合成………………………………32
  3-2-5  二胺基（diamine）單體之合成…………………………….33
  3-2-6  雙馬來醯胺酸（bismaleamic acid）單體之合成…………..34
  3-2-7  雙馬來醯亞胺（bismaleimide）單體之合成…………….…35
  3-2-8  試片硬化條件……………………………………………….36
 3-3  性質測試與分析………………………………………………...37

第四章 氰酸脂共聚酯之合成與性質之探討…………………………39

 4-1  單體之鑑定……………………………………………………..39
  4-1-1  Novolac 之鑑定…………………………………………….39
  4-1-2  氰酸脂單體（cyanate ester）之鑑定………………………43
 4-2  氰酸脂共聚酯硬化反應………………………………………..45
  4-2-1  氰酸脂單體及硬化反應介紹……………………………….45
  4-2-2  微差掃描熱分析…………………………………………….45
 4-3  動態機械分析…………………………………………………..49
 4-4  吸濕性分析……………………………………………………..51
 4-5  電氣性質分析…………………………………………………..53
  4-5-1  介電係數…………………………………………………….53
  4-5-2  損失因素分析……………………………………………….54
 4-6  TMA 分析………………………………………………………56
 4-7  熱安定分析……………………………………………………...58
 4-8  SEM 分析……………………………………………………….59
 4-9  結論……………………………………………………………...60
第五章 雙馬來醯亞胺-三氮雜苯樹脂之合成與性質研究…………...83

 5-1  單體之鑑定……………………………………………………...83
  5-1-1  二硝基（dinitro）單體（DCPDNI，DPNI）之鑑定………83
  5-1-2  二胺基（diamine）單體（DCPDA，DPA）之鑑定……….84
  5-1-3  雙馬來醯胺酸（bismaleamic acid）單體（DCPDBMA，DPBMA）之合成…………………………………………86
  5-1-4  雙馬來醯亞胺（bismaleimide）單體（DCPDBMI，   
          DPBMI）之合成………………………………………….88
 5-2  Bismaleimide-Triazine resins 硬化反應……………………….90
  5-2-1  雙馬來醯亞胺單體及硬化反應介紹……………………….90
  5-2-2  微差掃描熱分析…………………………………………….93
 5-3  動態機械分析…………………………………………………..95
 5-4  吸濕性分析……………………………………………………..98
 5-5  電氣性質分析…………………………………………………100
  5-5-1  介電係數…………………………………………………...100
  5-5-2  損失因素分析……………………………………………...103
 5-6  TMA 分析……………………………………………………..105
 5-7  熱安定分析…………………………………………………….108
 5-8  SEM 分析…………………………………………………….. 110
 5-9  結論…………………………………………………………….111

第六章 總結…………………………………………………………..142

參考文獻…………….…………………………………………….144
自述………………………………………………………………..146

表目錄

Table.1-1  Trends in PCB technology…………………………………. 9
Table.2-1  常見的氰酸脂及其物性…………………………………...14
Table.4-1  various cyanate esters………………………………………45
Table.4-2  DSC analysis with a heating rate 10℃/min              of various cyanate esters …………………………………..46
Table.4-3  DSC analysis with a heating rate 10℃/min              of various mole ratio cocyanate esters            ( BADCY / DCPDCY )……………………………………46
Table.4-4  DSC analysis with a heating rate 10℃/min              of various mole ratio cocyanate esters            ( BADCY / DPCY )………………………………………..47
Table.4-5  DMA analysis data for various mole ratio cocyanate esters( BADCY / DCPDCY )……………………………...51
Table.4-6  DMA analysis data for various mole ratio cocyanate esters( BADCY / DPCY )………………………………….51
Table.4-7  Moisture absorption data of various mole ratio Cocyanate esters ( BADCY / DCPDCY )……………………………..52
Table.4-8  Moisture absorption data of various mole ratio Cocyanate esters ( BADCY / DPCY )…………………………………52
Table.4-9  Dielectric constant ( Dk )at room temperature
for various mole ratio cocyanate esters           ( BADCY / DCPDCY )……………………………………54
Table.4-10  Dielectric constant ( Dk ) at room temperature
for various mole ratio cocyanate esters         ( BADCY / DPCY )……………………………………..54
Table.4-11  Dissipation factor ( Df ) at room temperature
for various mole ratio cocyanate esters          ( BADCY / DCPDCY )…………………………………55
Table.4-12  Dissipation factor ( Df ) at room temperature
for various mole ratio cocyanate esters          ( BADCY / DCPDCY )…………………………………56
Table.4-13  TMA analysis data for various mole ratio cocyanate esters( BADCY / DCPDCY )…………………………...57
Table.4-14  TMA analysis data for various mole ratio cocyanate esters( BADCY / DPCY )………………………………58
Table.4-15  TGA analysis data for various mole ratio 
           Cocyanate esters ( BADCY / DCPDCY)………………...59
Table.4-16  TGA analysis data for various mole ratio 
           Cocyanate esters ( BADCY / DPCY)…………………….59
Table.5-1   Various bismaleimides…………………………………….90
Table.5-2   Various BT resins…………………………………………91
Table.5-3   DSC analysis for various BMI monomers………………..93
Table.5-4   DSC analysis with a heating rate of 10℃/min
            for various mole ratio BT resin               (DDMBMI / BADCY)………………………………….94
Table.5-5   DSC analysis with a heating rate of 10℃/min
            for various mole ratio BTDC resin            (DDMBMI / DCPDCY)………………………………...94
Table.5-6   DSC analysis with a heating rate of 10℃/min
            for various mole ratio BTDP resin             (DDMBMI / DPCY)…………………………………….94


Table.5-7   DSC analysis with a heating rate of 10℃/min          for various mole ratio DCPD BT resin          (DCPDBMI / DCPDCY)………………………………..95
Table.5-8   DSC analysis with a heating rate of 10℃/min          for various mole ratio DP BT resin              (DPBMI / DPCY)……………………………………….95
Table.5-9   DMA analysis data for various mole ratio             BT resin (DDMBMI / DCPDCY)………………………96
Table.5-10  DMA analysis data for various mole ratio            BTDC resin (DDMBMI / DCPDCY)…………………….97
Table.5-11  DMA analysis data for various mole ratio            BTDP resin (DDMBMI / DPCY)………………………...97
Table.5-12  DMA analysis data for various mole ratio           DCPD BT resin (DCPDBMI / DCPDCY)……………...97
Table.5-13  DMA analysis data for various mole ratio             DP BT resin (DPBMI / DPCY)…………………………98
Table.5-14  Moisture absorption data of various mole ratio         BT resins (DDMBMI / BADCY)……………………….99
Table.5-15  Moisture absorption data of various mole ratio        BTDC resins (DDMBMI / DCPDCY)…………………...99
Table.5-16  Moisture absorption data of various mole ratio        BTDP resins (DDMBMI / DPCY)……………………….99
Table.5-17  Moisture absorption data of various mole ratio       DCPD BT resins (DCPDBMI / DCPDCY)……………100
Table.5-18  Moisture absorption data of various mole ratio         DP BT resins (DPBMI / DPCY)………………………100

Table.5-19  Dielectric constant ( Dk )at room temperature
for various mole ratio BT resin             ( DDMBMI / BADCY )……………………………….101
Table.5-20  Dielectric constant ( Dk )at room temperature
for various mole ratio BTDC resin            ( DDMBMI / DCPDCY )……………………………...101
Table.5-21  Dielectric constant ( Dk )at room temperature
for various mole ratio BTDP resin            ( DDMBMI / DPCY )………………………………….102
Table.5-22  Dielectric constant ( Dk ) at room temperature          for various mole ratio DCPDBT resin         ( DCPDBMI / DCPDCY )……………………………..102
Table.5-23  Dielectric constant ( Dk ) at room temperature          for various mole ratio DPBT resin             ( DPBMI / DPCY )…………………………………….102
Table.5-24  Dissipation factor ( Df ) at room temperature
for various mole ratio BT resins             ( DDMBMI / BADCY )……………………………….103
Table.5-25  Dissipation factor ( Df ) at room temperature
for various mole ratio BTDC resins           ( DDMBMI / DCPDCY )……………………………...104
Table.5-26  Dissipation factor ( Df ) at room temperature
for various mole ratio BTDP resins           ( DDMBMI / DPCY )………………………………….104
Table.5-27  Dissipation factor ( Df ) at room temperature           for various mole ratio DCPDBT resins       (DCPDBMI / DCPDCY)………………………………104
Table.5-28  Dissipation factor ( Df ) at room temperature           for various mole ratio DPBT resins              (DPBMI / DPCY)……………………………………...105
Table.5-29  TMA analysis data for various mole ratio              BT resins( DDMBMI / BADCY )……………………..105
Table.5-30  TMA analysis data for various mole ratio            BTDC resins( DDMBMI / DCPDCY )…………………106
Table.5-31  TMA analysis data for various mole ratio            BTDP resins( DDMBMI / DPCY )……………………..106
Table.5-32  TMA analysis data for various mole ratio        DCPDBT resins( DCPDBMI / DCPDCY )……………107
Table.5-33  TMA analysis data for various mole ratio           DPBT resins( DPBMI / DPCY )………………………107
Table.5-34  TGA analysis data for various mole ratio 
            BT resins (DDMBMI / BADCY)……………………...108
Table.5-35  TGA analysis data for various mole ratio 
            BTDC resins (DDMBMI / DCPDCY)………………….109
Table.5-36  TGA analysis data for various mole ratio 
            BTDP resins (DDMBMI / DPCY)……………………...109
Table.5-37  TGA analysis data for various mole ratio 
            DCPDBT resins (DCPDBMI / DCPDCY)…………….109
Table.5-38  TGA analysis data for various mole ratio 
            DPBT resins (DPBMI / DPCY)………………………..110

圖目錄

Fig. 1-1 台灣電路板產業市場變化……………………………………7
Fig. 1-2 我國印刷電路板產業結構……………………………………7
Fig. 1-3 Supplier of Raw material in PCB industry……………………..8
Fig. 1-4 The technology trend for PCB………………………………….8
Fig. 1-5 最適化之印刷電路板規格之要求…………………………...10
Fig. 1-6 各種典型電子通訊產品所使用頻率範圍之簡示圖……….. 10
Fig. 2-1 Cyclotrimerization of BADCy……………………………… ...14
Fig. 2-2 Chemistry of bismaleimide（BMI）…………………………..17
Fig. 2-3 DCPD structure (a)、(b)、(c)………………………………….23
Fig. 2-4 DP structure (a)、(b)、(c)………………………………………24
Fig. 3-1合成反應裝置圖……………………………………………….28
Fig. 4-1  DCPD  FT-IR  spectra…………………………………….61
Fig. 4-2  DCPDNO  FT-IR  spectra…………………………………61
Fig. 4-3  DP  FT-IR  spectra………………………………………...62
Fig. 4-4  DPNO  FT-IR  spectra…………………………………….62
Fig. 4-5  DCPD NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c)DEPT135.…………..63
Fig. 4-6  DCPDNO NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c)DEPT135………..64
Fig. 4-7  DP NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135………………65
Fig. 4-8  DPNO NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135…………..66
Fig. 4-9  DCPDNO Mass spectra……………………………………...67
Fig.4-10  DPNO Mass spectra………………………………………....67
Fig.4-11  DCPDCY FT-IR spectra…………………………………….68
Fig.4-12  DPCY FT-IR spectra………………………………………..68
Fig.4-13  DCPDCY NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135………69
Fig.4-14  DPCY NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135………….70
Fig.4-15  DCPDCY Mass spectra……………………………………..71
Fig.4-16  DPCY Mass spectra…………………………………………71
Fig.4-17  DSC analysis with a heating rate of 10℃/min            
for various cyanate esters: BADCY, DCPDCY, DPCY…...72
Fig.4-18  DSC analysis with a heating rate of 10℃/min
for various mole ratio cocyanate esters           ( BADCY / DCPDCY )……………………………………73
Fig.4-19  DSC analysis with a heating rate of 10℃/min 
for various mole ratio cocyanate esters           ( BADCY / DPCY )………………………………………..73
Fig.4-20  FT-IR spectra of DCPDCY monomer………………………74
Fig.4-21  FT-IR spectra of DCPDCY monomer cured               at 200℃ for 8 hours……………………………………….74
Fig.4-22  FT-IR spectra of DCPDCY monomer cured               at 200℃ for 8 hours and 220℃ for 4 hours……………...74 
Fig.4-23  DMA analysis for various mole ratio cocyanate esters (BADCY/DCPDCY)………………………………………75
Fig.4-24  DMA analysis for various mole ratio cocyanate esters (BADCY/DPCY)…………………………………………..75
Fig.4-25  Various mole ratio cocyanate esters(BADCY/DCPDCY)   Tg distribution……………………………………………..76
Fig.4-26  Various mole ratio cocyanate esters(BADCY/DPCY)      Tg distribution……………………………………………..76
Fig.4-27  Moisture absorption of various cured cyanate esters………..77
Fig.4-28  Moisture absorption of various mole ratio cocyanate esters...77
Fig.4-29  Various mole ratio cocyanate esters dielectric constant(Dk)    at 1 M Hz…………………………………………………..78
Fig.4-30  Various mole ratio cocyanate esters dielectric constant(Dk)   at 1 G Hz…………………………………………………..78

Fig.4-31  Various mole ratio cocyanate esters dissipation factor(Df)    at 1 M Hz…………………………………………………..79
Fig.4-32  Various mole ratio cocyanate esters dissipation factor(Df)    at 1 G Hz…………………………………………………..79
Fig.4-33  TMA analysis for Tg value of BADCY…………………….80
Fig.4-34  TMA analysis for CTE value of DCPDCY…………………80
Fig.4-35  TGA curves of various mole ratio cocyanate esters            (BADCY / DCPDCY)……………………………………..81
Fig.4-36  TGA curves of various mole ratio cocyanate esters   (BADCY / DPCY)…………………………………………81
Fig.4-37  SEM analysis of cured cocyanate esters             (sample ID : BADC46)…………………………………….82
Fig.4-38  SEM analysis of cured cocyanate esters             (sample ID : BADC46)…………………………………….82
Fig.5-1   DCPDNI FT-IR spectra……………………………………112
Fig.5-2   DPNI FT-IR spectra……………………………………….112
Fig.5-3   DCPDNI NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135……...113
Fig.5-4   DPNI NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135………….114
Fig.5-5   DCPDNI Mass spectra……………………………………..115
Fig.5-6   DPNI Mass spectra…………………………………………115
Fig.5-7   DCPDA FT-IR spectra……………………………………..116
Fig.5-8   DPA FT-IR spectra…………………………………………116
Fig.5-9   DCPDA NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135……….117
Fig.5-10  DPA NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135…………..118
Fig.5-11  DCPDA Mass spectra……………………………………...119 
Fig.5-12  DPA Mass spectra………………………………………….119
Fig.5-13  DCPDBMA FT-IR spectra………………………………...120
Fig.5-14  DPBMA FT-IR spectra…………………………………….120
Fig.5-15  DCPDBMA NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135…..121
Fig.5-16  DPBMA NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135………122
Fig.5-17  DCPDBMA Mass spectra………………………………….123
Fig.5-18  DPBMA Mass spectra……………………………………..123
Fig.5-19  DCPDBMI FT-IR spectra………………………………….124
Fig.5-20  DPBMI FT-IR spectra……………………………………..124
Fig.5-21  DCPDBMI NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135……125
Fig.5-22  DPBMI NMR spectra (a) 1H (b) 13C (c) DEPT135……….126
Fig.5-23  DCPDBMI Mass spectra…………………………………..127
Fig.5-24  DPBMI Mass spectra………………………………………127
Fig.5-25  DSC analysis for various BMI monomers…………………128
Fig.5-26  DSC analysis for various mole ratio of BT resins…………128
Fig.5-27  DSC analysis for various mole ratio of BTDC resins……….129
Fig.5-28  DSC analysis for various mole ratio of BTDP resins……….129
Fig.5-29  DSC analysis for various mole ratio of DCPD BT resins….130
Fig.5-30  DSC analysis for various mole ratio of DP BT resins……..130
Fig.5-31  DMA analysis for various mole ratio BT resins…………...131
Fig.5-32  DMA analysis for various mole ratio BTDC resins………...131
Fig.5-33  DMA analysis for various mole ratio BTDP resins…………132
Fig.5-34  DMA analysis for various mole ratio DCPD BT resins…...132
Fig.5-35  DMA analysis for various mole ratio DP BT resins……….133
Fig.5-36  Tg distribution for various mole ratio DCPD BT resins…...133
Fig.5-37  Tg distribution for various mole ratio DP BT resins………134
Fig.5-38  Moisture absorption for various mole ratio of          various BT resins………………………………………....134
Fig.5-39  Dielectric constant (DK) at 1 M Hz for various mole ratio 
of various BT resins………………………………………135
Fig.5-40  Dielectric constant (DK) at 1 G Hz for various mole ratio 
of various BT resins………………………………………135
Fig.5-41  Dissipation factor (Df) at 1 M Hz for various mole ratio 
of various BT resins………………………………………136
Fig.5-42  Dissipation factor (Df) at 1 G Hz for various mole ratio 
of various BT resins………………………………………136
Fig.5-43  TMA analysis for various mole ratio of DCPD BT resins…137
Fig.5-44  TGA analysis for various mole ratio of BT resins…………137
Fig.5-45  TGA analysis for various mole ratio of BTDC resins………138
Fig.5-46  TGA analysis for various mole ratio of BTDP resins……….138
Fig.5-47  TGA analysis for various mole ratio of DCPD BT resins…139
Fig.5-48  TGA analysis for various mole ratio of DP BT resins……..139
Fig.5-49  SEM analysis of DCPD BT resins(sample ID : DCBT82)...140
Fig.5-50  SEM analysis of DCPD BT resins(sample ID : DCBT82)...140
Fig.5-51  SEM analysis of DCPD BT resins(sample ID : DCBT46)...141
Fig.5-52  SEM analysis of DCPD BT resins(sample ID : DCBT46)...141

                                    

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