因應氣候變遷與石油危機，人類在永續發展的意識更為高漲，以生物合成取代傳統的石化塑料的研究與應用也日益增加。1,4-丁二胺，又稱為腐胺，是合成聚醯胺尼龍46的重要單體，為實現永續的化學工業，本研究以精胺酸脫羧酶途徑中的兩個關鍵酶:精胺酸脫羧酶(SpeA)與胍丁胺脢(SpeB)，開發一種高效的丁二胺全細胞生物催化製程。
最初利用田口方法測試最佳催化條件，並比較HPLC與呈色法分析的差異。接著利用雙質體、單質體的不同組合表達雙酶，結果顯示單一質體共同表達雙酶能獲得最佳的蛋白平衡。在菌株開發上，E. coli WT7L 與 BL21(DE3)擁有最高的丁二胺產量，以最佳催化反應條件 pH 9、1 mM PLP 與 10 mM Mg2+ 可分別生產 11.3 g/L 與 12.5 g/L 的丁二胺;然而在細胞培養基優化時發現 WT7L 菌株比 BL2(DE3)擁有更好的穩定性。於酶動力學分析發現 SpeA (1212 s-1)的 kcat 值比 SpeB (418 s-1)來得高，但丁二胺對 SpeA 活性有嚴重的抑製作用(KI 8.61 mM 及 Km 15.5)，因此蛋白表面展示對全細胞催化法更不利。
由於 SpeA 易失活的特性，使得全細胞在一次反應回收的酶活降低。為了防止副產物與產物對酶活的抑制，進行兩步法催化，再搭配細胞冷激加強反應物於細胞膜之間的運輸，最後可利用 50 g/L 的精胺酸鹽酸鹽生成 17.1 g/L 的丁二胺，產率為 8.65 g/L/h，轉化率達到 85 %。
本研究全面探討了雙酶共同表達的設計與轉錄因子對質體穩定性的影響，透過反應與培養基的操作優化製程，提供了高效全細胞催化生產丁二胺的方法，後續可進一步放大製程並降低丁二胺的生產成本。

The rising awareness of environmental protection has triggered bio-based materials to replace the traditional petrochemical plastics. Putrescine as 1,4-diaminobutane is an important monomer of polyamide (PA) and uses in the sustainable chemical industry. Herein, a time-effective whole cell bioconversion of arginine to putrescine was developed, which has applied the key enzymes (i.e., SpeA and SpeB) from the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) pathway. Taguchi L9 method was employed to the preliminary test of whole-cell biotransformation. The synergetic collaboration of both enzymes was examined from the different combination of plasmids among 4 Escherichia coli chassis. The optimal reaction condition was at pH 9 with 1mM pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) and 10 mM magnesium, thus 90% and 100% conversion were obtained using an all-in-one plasmid with equal protein of SpeA and SpeB in BL21(DE3) and WT7L, respectively. The enzymatic kinetics demonstrated the higher kcat of SpeA (1212 s-1) than that of SpeB (418 s-1), while severe inhibition of putrescine on SpeA (KI = 8.61 mM), thus it was disadvantage using the surface display of enzyme. To prevent the feedback-inhibition by product, a 2-step enzymatic reaction with cold treatment was conducted. Finally, the putrescine was achieved 17.1 g/L with the productivity of 8.56 g/L/h under 85% conversion of 50 g/L L-arginine, which is an effective approach to obtain high putrescine titer.

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