簡介
社會人口組成老化問題，對社會發展與經濟活動將帶來全面性的變化，各式照護產業的需求發展將被帶動。台灣長期照護服務型態目前分為三種，分別是機構式照護、社區式照護、居家式照護。目標是建立以整體社區為基礎的照護模式，提倡在地化社區綜合照顧。長期照護人力預估將攀升，人力資源管理策略上增加職涯發展升遷機會，開拓多元招募管道，並加入多元的服務人口族群，且落實照護人力年輕化，期望以整合資源方式，布局綿密的照護網絡達到最佳長期照護效益。
許多研究均已發現組織經營策略與人力資源管理策略的最佳適配性，對組織績效有正向關係。對應組織策略化取向而採取不同人力資源管理策略，將有助於組織績效正向發展，提升價值創造的正向效益。因此本研究試圖以長期照護產業為研究對象，探討組織經營策略使用單一經營模式，或同時混用多種經營模式為組織創造價值，與探討適合採用何種人力資源管理策略。
個案與研究方法
本研究採用質性研方法，以深度案訪談方式進行個案研究，採用立意挑選方式選出雙個案：C老人養護中心與H居家護理所。探討長期照護三種服務型態之組織經營策略是如何來為組織創造價值，以及探討在該組織策略下適用何種類型的人力資源策略。
個案一、C老人養護中心之經營模式包括機構式照護、社區式照護兩種經營方式，人力資源策略包括專任人員與兼任人員。
個案二、H居家護理所之經營模式屬於到府服務居家式照護。人力資源包括護理人員與更廣泛的合作對象。

結果與結論
C老人養護中心經營模式包括24小時的機構式照護與8到10小時半天式的社區式照護，因每日進行的照護內容與頻率較為固定，制定序列式的標準規範，有助減少重複性活動帶來的成本浪費，引導員工做好指定工作範圍，以此方式可提供穩定的服務品質，組織經營策略適用成本領導策略。人力資源管理適用誘導型策略。
而接受長期照護的病人各自有不同疾病，需差異化的專科醫師進行問題循環診斷並醫治，組織經營策略適用差異化策略。但醫師人力成本高，可用合約方式雇用專科醫師，人力資源管理適用投資型策略。因此機構式照護與社區式照護適合「價值鏈」與「價值店」混和經營模式來創造價值。
H居家護理所的收案對象包括健保補助規定病患與自費病患，且沒有年齡限制。服務對象除了居家護理外，也包括機構式照護、社區式照護的住民。合作對象包括專科醫師與周邊相關產業，例如藥局、送餐、交通接送等皆為合作對象，合作對象有明顯的外部性，因此組織經營策略適用焦點化策略。人力資源管理適用參與型策略。因此居家式照護可將合作對象與服務對象串聯在一起，適合「價值網絡」經營模式來創造價值。
透過以上對機構式照護、社區式照護、居家式照護之組織經營策略、價值創造方式與人力資管理源策略綜合分析，期望藉由研究結果提供給有意進入長期照護產業的業者一個參考依據。

The workers for long term health care will is creasing.The human resource management is going to have the chance for career promotion,expand various ways to recruit people, and serve for diverse population as well. It will try to rejuvenate the workers.It expects to intergrate resouces and make the health care network to reach the best effects of long term health care.This target of this study is based on long term health care industry. Porter (1980) suggests about approaching strategic management: he talks about cost leadership, differentiation strategy, and focus strategy. In addition, he discusses about Dyers’(1988) human resource management which comes up with inducement strategy, investment strategy, and involvement strategy. Furthermore, Stabell & Fjeldstad(1988) also raises another idea about value configuration which is in value chain, value shop, and value network, discussing about the potential usage for the single-way management or multi-ways of management.

Key words: long term health care, strategic management, value configuration, human resource management.

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網路部份
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