本研究首先製備DeTMA․DS、DeTMA․TS及DTMA․DS三種離子對雙親分子(IPA)，並嘗試使用甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇等共溶劑，經由均質機分散以製備穩定的陰陽離子液胞。此外，本研究也嘗試使用製備出來的液胞，進行螢光分子(CF)的包覆/釋放行為探討。本研究中也使用磷脂質(PL-90)當做製備微脂粒的材料，作為對照。
結果顯示醇類共溶劑在特定範圍可以有效提昇液胞穩定性，就效果而言正丁醇>正丙醇>乙醇>甲醇。且液胞穩定性隨這共溶劑濃度增加而提昇，但有一最佳值，隨濃度再繼續增加，液胞呈現不穩定的狀態，再增加濃度則IPA與PL-90完全溶解，沒有液胞的存在。其穩定機制推測為添加低介電常數的共溶劑，會導致陰/陽離子型界面活性劑頭基的疏水效應會隨著共溶劑添加量的增加而增強，而尾基的疏水效應則會減弱，結合此兩種相反的作用力，會在整體共溶劑濃度變化範圍中發現三個區域，分別為液胞結構形成區、液胞結構消失區以及單分子分散溶液區。包覆實驗上發現陰陽離子液胞雙層膜並不如微脂粒穩定，使用添加膽固醇比例需大於30 mol%才可改善陰陽離子包覆效率，並且發現包覆率與穩定性成正比，而微脂粒包覆效率大約1.4 %，陰陽離子液胞約0.4 %。釋放實驗上微脂粒釋放一半所需要時間約為130分鐘，而陰陽離子液胞約為80分鐘。

A systematic study of effects of three cosolvents (methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol) on the formability of liposomes and catansomes from PL-90 and three ion-pair amphiphiles (DeTMA‧DS, DeTMA‧TS, and DTMA‧DS), respectively, by a simple preparing method through homogenizing was carried out in this work. The experimental results revealed that significant enhancement of liposome and catansome stability has been achieved by cosolvent addition. In general, liposome formability at first increased with increasing the cosolvent concentration, reached a maximum at a specific concentration, and thereafter decreased with further increasing the concentration. The liposome formability eventually becomes negligible at concentrations higher than a specific value. The effectiveness of vesicle promoting increases in the order 1-propanol > ethanol > methanol. An explanation of cosolvent effects based on the medium dielectric constant was then proposed. Furthermore, the encapsulation and release behavior of ethosomes and catansomes were also studied.

Adachi, T., Takahashi, H., Ohki, K. and Hatta, I., “Interdigitated structure of
phospholipids-alcohol systems studied by x-ray diffraction,” Biophys. J.
68, 1850, 1995.
Bhattacharya, S. and De, S., “Vesicle formation from dimeric ion-paired
amphiphiles. Control over vesicular thermotropic and ion-transport properties
as a function of intra-amphiphilic headgroup separation,” Langmuir 15, 3400,
1999.
Caillet, C., Hebrant, M. and Tondre, C., “Sodium octyl sulfate/
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide catanionic vesicles: Aggregate composition and
probe encapsulation,” Langmuir 16, 9099, 2000.
Caria, A. and Khan, A., “Phase behavior of catanionic surfactant mixtures:
sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate — didodecyldimethylammonium bromide
— water system,” Langmuir 12, 6282, 1996.
Chien, C. L., Yeh S. J., Yang Y. M., Chang, C. H., and Maa, J. R., “Formation
and encapsulation of catanionic vesicles,” J. Chin. Colloid & Interface Soc.
24, 31, 2002.
Chung, M. H. and Chung, Y. C., “Polymerized ion pair amphiphile that shows
remarkable enhancement in encapsulation efficiency and very slow release of
fluorescent markers,” Coll. Surf. B 24, 111, 2002.
Chung, Y. C. and Regen, S. L., “Comparison of barrier properties of bilayers
derived from an ion-paired amphiphile with those of a phosphatidylcholine
analog,” Langmuir 8, 2843, 1992.
Chung, Y. C., Lee, H. E. and Park, J. Y., Bilayer properties of the
multiple-chain ion pair amphiphiles, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1998, 19, 1249.
Chung, M. H., Chung, Y. C. and Chun, B. C. “Highly pH-sensitive ion pair
amphiphile vesicle,” Coll. Surf. B 29, 75, 2003.
Dayan, N. and Touitou, E., “Carriers for skin delivery of trihexyphenidyl HCl:
ethosome vs. liposomes,” Biomaterials 21, 1879, 2000.
Fischer, A., Hebrant, M. and Tondre, C., “Glucose encapsulation in catanionic
vesicles and kinetic study of the entrapment/release processes in the sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate/cetyltrimethylammonium tosylate/ water system,” J.
Colloid and Interface Sci. 248, 1, 2002.
Fukuda, H., Kawata, K. and Okuda, H., Bilayer-forming ion-pair amphiphiles from
single-chain surfactants, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112, 1635, 1990.
Hargreaves, W. R. and Deamer, D. W., “Liposomes from ionic, single-chain
amphiphiles,” Biochemistry 17, 3759, 1978.
Hirano, K. and Fukuda, H., Polymerizable ion-paired amphiphiles, Langmuir 1991,
7, 1045.
Huang, J. B. and Zhao, G. X., “Formation and coexistence of the micelles and
vesicles in mixed solution of cationic and anionic surfactant,” Colloid
Polym. Sci. 273, 156, 1995.
Huang, J. B., Zhu, B. Y., Zhao, G. X. and Zhang, Z. Y., Vesicle formation of a
1:1 cationic surfactant mixture in ethanol solution, Langmuir, 13, 5759,
1997.
Huang, J. B., Zhu, B. Y., Mao, M., He, P., Wang, J. and He, X., Vesicle formation
of 1:1cationic and anionic surfactant mixtures in nonaqueous polar solvents,
Colloid Polym. Sci., 277, 354, 1999.
Israelachvili, J. N., Intermolecular and Surface Forces 2nd Ed., Academic, New
York, 1992.
Kaler, E. W., Murthy, A. K., Rodriguez, B. and Zasadzinski, J. A., Spontaneous
vesicle formation in aqueous mixtures of single-tailed surfactants, Science,
245, 1371, 1989.
Kondo, Y., Uchiyama, H., Yoshino, N., Nishiyama, K. and Abe, M., “Spontaneous
vesicles formation from aqueous solutions of didodecyldimethylammonium
bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate mixtures,” Langmuir 11, 2380, 1995.
Komatsu, H. and Okada, S., Ethanol-induced aggregation and fusion of small
phosphatidylcholine liposome: participation of interdigitated membrane
formation in their processes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1235, 270, 1995.
Komatsu, H. and Okada, S., Ethanol-enhanced permeation of
phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine mixed liposomal membranes due to
ethanol-induced lateral phase separation, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1283, 73,
1996.
Marques, E. F., Regev, O., Khan, A. and Lindman, B., Self-organization of
double-chained and pseudodouble-chained surfactants: counterion and geometry
effects, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 100-102, 83, 2003.
Mener, F. M., Binder, W. H. and Keiper, J. S. “Cationic surfactant with
counterions of glucuronate glycosides,” Langmuir 13,3247, 1997.
New, R. R. C., in Liposome: a practical approach, New, R. R. C., Ed., Oxford
University Press, New York, 1990.
Rosoff, M. （Ed.）“Vesicles,” Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996.
Shi, M.W., Law, S. L. and Tsay, D., A study on the size and stability of lung
surfactant liposomes prepared by sonication method, J. Chin. Colloid &
Interface Soc., 18, 4, 259, 1995.
Stokes, R. J. and Evans, D. F., Fundamentals of interfacial engineering,
Wiley-VCH, Inc., New York, 1997.
Tondre, C. and Caillet, C., Properties of the amphiphilic films in mixted
cationic/anionic vesicles: a comprehensive view from a literature analysis,
Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 93, 115, 2001.
Touitou, E. US patent 5,540,934, 1996.
Touitou, E. US patent 5,716,638, 1998.
Touitou, E., Dayan, N., Bergelson, L., Godin, B. and Eliaz, M., Ethosomes—novel
vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: characterization and skin
penetration properties, J. Controlled Release, 65, 403, 2000.
Touitou, E., Cannabidiol—transdermal delivery and anti-inflammatory effect in a
murine model, J. Controlled Release, 93, 377, 2003.
Touitou, E., Godin, B., Mechanism of bacitracin permeation enhancement through
the skinand cellular membranes from an ethosomal carrier, J. Controlled
Release, 94, 365, 2004.
Touitou, E., Godin, B., A new approach for treatment of deep skin infections by
an ethosomal antibiotic preparation: an in vivo study, J. Antimicrobial
Chemotherapy, 55, 989, 2005.
Wang, C. Z., Tang, S. H., Huang, J. B., Zhang, X. R. and Fu, H. L.,
“Transformation from precipitates to vesicles in mixed cationic and anionic
surfactant systems”, Colloid Polym. Sci., 280, 770, 2002.
Yeh, S. J., Yang, Y. M., Chang, C. H., “Cosolvent Effects on the Stability of
Catanionic Vesicles Formed from Ion-Pair Amphiphiles,” Langmuir 21, 6179,
2005.
Yute, P. K. and Blankschtein, D., “Effect of surfactant tail-length asymmetry on
the formation of mixed surfactant vesicles,” Langmuir 12, 3819, 1996.
Yu, W. Y., Yang, Y. M., Chang, C. H., “Cosolvent Effects on the Spontaneous
Formation of Vesicles from 1:1 Anionic and Cationic Surfactant Mixtures,”
Langmuir 21, 6185, 2005.
Zhang, X. R., Huang, J. B., Mao, M., Tang, S. H. and Zhu, B. Y., From
precipitation to vesicles: a study on self-organized assemblies by
alkylammonium and its mixtures in polar solvents, Colloid Polym. Sci., 279,
1245, 2001.
Zhao, G. X. and Yu, W. L., “Vesicles from mixed sodium
10-undecenoatedecytrimethylammonium bromide solution,” J. Colloid Interface
Sci. 173, 159, 1995.
陳炳宏，馮思慎，化工，第47 卷，第3 期,，66-84，民國89年.
鍾依玲，陰/陽離子液胞自發性形成之探討，國立成功大學，化工系碩士論文，台灣﹑台南，
2002。
葉紹任，共溶劑對陰陽離子液胞穩定性的影響, 國立成功大學，化學工程學系碩士論文，台
灣﹑台南， 2003.
游文月，共溶劑促進陰陽離子液胞自發性形成之研究，國立成功大學，化工系碩士論文，台
灣﹑台南，2004。
李雅鈺，含膽固醇之陰陽離子液胞穩定性及包覆行為的研究，國立成功大學，化工系碩士論
文，台灣﹑台南，2004。
林琪卿，陰陽離子液胞的形成及其膠化之研究，國立成功大學，化工系碩士論文，台灣﹑台
南，2005。
呂奇達，帶正電的陰陽離子液胞與DNA，國立成功大學，化工系碩士論文，台灣﹑台南，
2005。