| 研究生: |
潘玨軒 POON, KOK-HIN |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
從集水區觀點探討都市逕流分擔規劃 Planning Framework for Watershed Subdivision Level of Urban Runoff Allocation Schemes |
| 指導教授: |
張學聖
Chang, Hsueh-Sheng |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 都市計劃學系 Department of Urban Planning |
| 論文出版年: | 2018 |
| 畢業學年度: | 106 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 123 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 氣候變遷 、非結構式減災 、逕流分擔 、逕流責任 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | urban runoff allocation, runoff responsibility, non-structural disaster mitigation, climate change |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:127 下載:10 |
| 分享至: |
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臺灣國內近年提出「逕流分擔」為關鍵治水策略,以應對由「全球氣候變遷」及「都市急遽發展」兩者共同致使超過防洪設施能承納之逕流量增量。然而,目前國內針對「逕流分擔」之發展仍停留在一個較為宏觀層面之思維,亦未充分考量「土地」在分攤逕流責任上之概念,針對如何將貯留目標量分配予流域中各集水區上之指導十分有限。本文藉由回顧流域外部性之相關理論,並以法令及環境兩個層面釐清土地於分擔逕流上之合理性及必要性,再藉此歸納出土地之逕流責任內涵,並以該內容建議一個逕流分擔規劃框架。該框架將採科學建模方式,實現逕流分擔於集水區尺度上之實際應用。該框架由三個構面組成:(1)水文及地文參數計算,評估研究範圍內水文地文環境及土地使用規劃,計算各次集水區之洪水風險作為逕流分擔之參考因素;(2)逕流分擔分級參數計算,該構面透過劃設出流域中保水點及入滲控制點並將其作為各次集水區之逕流分擔潛力。將分擔潛力之計算成果與前一個模組洪水風險之成果轉換合併後,建立各次集水區操作逕流分擔之優先等級排序,作為逕流分擔之分級參數(priority);(3)優選模型參數設定,本研究以多目標基因演算法作為優選模型進行兩目標變量間之最優分配,該模型之目標函數將以最小限度降低各次集水區之逕流分擔量,同時讓洪災損失金額最小為最終目標。本研究最後以臺南市鹽水溪流域一空間範圍為驗證地區,成功落實逕流分擔之概念於土地規劃上,制定了一可操作且具指導性之逕流分擔規劃框架,將土地逕流責任以客觀及科學之方式量化及空間化。在本研究之規劃框架下,使用者可視不同規劃需求(地區保護標準、可承受災損的不同)隨時調整模樣之情境,本研究最後之逕流分擔驗證成果可視為水文環境技術分析的圖資,未來結合社會經濟條件、都市發展條件等考量研擬不同之區域發展政策,作為都市空間規劃之指導。
Extreme weather is already on increase due to global climate change that it interferes the original hydrological cycle, alters and the likelihood of occurrence of extreme weather events increase. At the same time, the process of urbanization transforms the natural landscape into impervious land cover seriously in Taiwan during the past decades. Such urbanization and extreme rainfall leads the occurrences of floods caused by urban runoff . It also have increased the flood severity in metropolitan area. However, runoff allocation as a mainly non-structural disaster reduction approach in Taiwan lacks a clear guidance on how to allocate the total amount of runoff target to each sub-catchment at a subdivision level.
This paper attempts to a generic, reasonable objective strategic planning framework for runoff allocation which employs scientific modeling approaches to allow a practical application at subdivision level. The whole framework model can be summarized by three separate but interrelated modules: (i) hydrological & geomorphologic module; (ii) the grading module; (iii) the optimization module, which has considered optimized two decision variables. The goal of these modules are to minimize the total amount of runoff control target and minimize the total costs of the rainfall disaster damage. The framework model will apply to the flood prone area of Annan Dist in Tainan City, where located at the lower course of Yanshuei River in southern Taiwan. At the end runoff allocation simulation result shows the allocation map of three situations which the disaster damage control percentage is 90%, 75% and 50%.
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網路資源
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