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研究生: 吳一鳴
Wu, Yi-ming
論文名稱: 整合商用CFD 軟體及簡易型共軛梯度法進行燃料電池堆之最佳化設計
Optimization of Fuel Cell Stacks by Integrating Commercial CFD Package and Simplified Conjugate-Gradient Method
指導教授: 鄭金祥
Cheng, Chin-Hsiang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 132
中文關鍵詞: 數值模擬質子交換膜燃料電池SCGM流道設計
外文關鍵詞: SCGM, Numerical analysis, Channel design, PEM fuel cell
相關次數: 點閱:69下載:7
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  • 本研究針對質子交換膜燃料電池電池堆系統建立三維電、動量、
    質傳遞數值分析模型,並使用簡易型共軛梯度法(SCGM)進行各碳板
    流道幾何參數的最佳化,以提升燃料電池性能。利用熱流分析軟體
    CFD-ACE+ 作為正向解之求解器,可在不同條件下求解燃料電池內
    部各物理量之分佈。在數值分析中, 使用那維爾- 史都克斯
    (Navier-Stokes equation)作為流場的統御方程式,配合能量及成份守恆方程式與電化學相關方程式,求解燃料電池內部之速度、壓力、濃度及電流密度之分佈。另一方面,亦同時組裝一組4-cell的電池堆進行實驗量測,比較數值與實驗所得之性能曲線,驗證數值解之準確性。
    本研究結果顯示,結合簡易型共軛梯度法(SCGM)與數值模擬,進行
    電池堆流道高度分佈最佳化設計,確可求得一組最佳化流道高度分佈。
    藉由最佳化過程適當的調整各單電池的流道高度分佈,可有效達成不同設計目標,例如使得各單電池流量分佈更加均勻或提升電池堆的輸出功率等,相對提升電池的性能。

    This study is aimed at optimization of the channel height distribution in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack through numerical simulation. The approach is developed by integrating a direct problem solver with an optimizer. A commercial computational fluid dynamics code (CFD−ACE+) is used as the direct problem solver, which
    is used to simulate the three-dimensional mass, momentum and species transport phenomena as well as the electron- and proton-transfer process taking place in a PEMFC stack. On the other hand, the simplified conjugate-gradient method (SCGM) is employed to build the optimizer, which is combined with the direct problem solver in order to seek the optimal channel height distribution. In the CFD code, the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy, species, and the electrochemical equations were solved. On the other hand, a four-cell stack has been assembled and tested to verify the numerical predictions of the
    polarization curve by the direct problem solver. Results show the optimal distributions of the channel heights can be determined by using the present approach to meet various design objectives, such as feeding equal
    mass flow rates of the reactant gases into the cells or increasing the power output of the fuel cell stack.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT II 謝誌 III 目錄 IV 表目錄 IX 圖目錄 X 符號索引 XIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1前言 1 1.2燃料電池早期發展 1 1.3燃料電池分類 2 1.4質子交換膜燃料電池基本構造 4 1.5質子交換膜燃料電池原理 4 1.6燃料電池的電壓與傳遞損失 5 1.7燃料電池之效率 8 1.8文獻回顧 9 1.9研究動機與目的 20 第二章 模型建立與理論分析 22 2.1基本模型建立 22 2.2基本假設 22 2.3統御方程式 23 2.3.1連續方程式 23 2.3.2動量守恆方程式 23 2.3.3能量守恆方程式 24 2.3.4電流守恆方程式與電化學反應 25 2.3.5成份守恆方程式 29 第三章 數值方法與邊界設定 31 3.1數值方法 31 3.1.1統御方程式之離散化 32 3.1.2 SIMPLEC 演算法 32 3.2收斂標準 36 3.3軟體設定 36 3.3.1問題類型 36 3.3.2成份濃度設定 36 3.3.3體積流率設定 37 3.4邊界條件 38 3.4.1陽極與陰極流道進口邊界條件 38 3.4.2陽極與陰極流道出口邊界條件 38 3.4.3壁面邊界條件 38 3.5均勻化指標 39 3.6結果與討論 40 3.6.1進出口配置對電池的影響 40 3.6.2分歧管面積對電池的影響 41 第四章 實驗量測與驗證 42 4.1燃料電池組件 42 4.1.1膜極組 42 4.1.2流道板 42 4.1.3集電板 43 4.1.4墊層 43 4.1.5端板 43 4.2實驗測試機台 44 4.3實驗程序 44 4.4實驗結果與討論 45 4.4.1實驗與模擬驗證 45 4.4.2陽極氫氣當量數對性能的影響 46 4.4.3陰極空氣當量數對性能的影響 46 4.4.4進口濕度對性能的影響 47 4.4.5進口加濕溫度對性能的影響 48 4.4.6組裝扭矩對電池的影響 49 第五章 最佳化設計 50 5.1最佳化方法 50 5.1.1共軛梯度法(CGM) 50 5.1.2簡易型共軛梯度法(SCGM) 53 5.3簡易型共軛梯度法與共軛梯度法的差異與優點 54 5.4最佳化搜尋器架構 56 5.5最佳化結果與討論 57 5.5.1以流量均勻化為目標之最佳化設計 57 5.5.2以最大電流密度為目標之最佳化設計 60 第六章 結論 63 6.1結論 63 參考文獻 66 附錄表 70 附錄圖 83 自述 132

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