軌道運輸系統是當今各國重要的交通運輸方式之一，雖然車輛技術與行車系統持續升級，鐵路事故仍時有所聞，臺灣傳統鐵路系統亦然。在列車運行過程中，駕駛員為主要操控車輛者，也因此事故發生時往往難辭其咎。然而根據瑞士乳酪理論，事故的發生為一連串的失誤所導致，其中可能受其他人員、設備、組織等外部因素影響。駕駛員身為實際駕駛列車的行車人員，其感知能力會進而影響對風險做出對應的判斷與行為，是故駕駛員的感知風險能力可成為阻止事故發生的關鍵。也因此本研究以列車駕駛員作為研究對象，整理其本身可能牽涉的風險因素，並加入其他風險面向建構一感知風險量表。此感知風險量表以本研究提出的SHELL-SC Model為基礎，包含駕駛員、軟體、硬體、環境、人員，以及安全氣候等風險面向。為量測鐵路風險因素被駕駛員察覺的困難度，以及駕駛員對於風險因素的感知能力，本研究採Rasch模式對臺鐵列車駕駛員進行施測，進一步分析族群之間的差異性。透過實證分析結果得知「聽力限制」、「司機員班受訓不當」、「通訊設備功能異常」或是「不利的自然光線」等為較難被察覺的風險因素，也發現年齡為30歲以下、具較少事故經驗者或是低盡責與低外向性的駕駛員有較差的感知能力，另外較高情緒不穩定性的駕駛員易導致事故發生，同時也確立安全氣候有其獨立性與必要性。研究結果建議針對易被忽略的風險因素強化相關教育訓練與宣導，另外將駕駛員的人格特質做為人員晉用之適職測驗項目並新增人格特質面試，也建議有關當局建立安全氣候量表衡量鐵路組織內部對安全的認知，以提升軌道運輸系統安全。

Railway transportation is one of the most reliable ways to travel, but it could lead to serious damages and mass casualties while railway accident occurs. Thus, evaluate how train drivers perceive risks, as well as finding out risks that are underperceived is critical. According to previous accident reports and researches, human errors, mechanical malfunctions, weather conditions, and even organization problems are identified as the contributing factors of railway accidents. Furthermore, safety climate is also proved in prior studies being an indicator on railway safety. These risk factors are then included into the derived SHELL model with an eye to discuss the interactions of between one another. Based on the new model considering safety climate, multidimensional Rasch model is adopted to establish a perceived risk scale evaluating both risk factors and train drivers from Taiwan Railways Administration. The results of the assessment show that “Hearing restriction”, “Improper training”, “Communication equipment faulty” are tended to be underperceived. Also, train drivers “under 30 years old”, “less accident experience” and with certain personality have rather poor ability on perceiving risks. Via this study, we are looking forward to reducing railway accidents while safety climate in the field of railway transportation could also receive more attentions.

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