本研究中利用陽極沈積法於醋酸錳水溶液中製備出具有優異擬電容行為的錳氧化物電極材料，而製程中的陽極化電位(0.5~0.95VSCE)、鍍液溫度(0~50oC)以及濃度(0.05~1M)均被證實對所製備氧化物的性質有重要的影響。另外，後熱處理溫度(100~700oC，持溫兩小時)對氧化物電極各種材料特徵及電化學性質的關係也被詳細而有系統地探討。實驗中並嘗試以陽極沈積法為基礎製作氧化物/碳複合材料電極，以求能進一步提升電極的比電容值、動力學反應特性以及循環充放電穩定性。
分析結果發現陽極沈積物質乃由(三價與四價)氧化錳、氫氧化錳以及結構水所組成；且由於低結晶性、高孔隙度與高表面積等材料性質，使其於中性氯化鉀水溶液能表現出理想的擬電容行為，相當適合作為超高電容器的電極材料。高含水量以及均勻細緻的奈米纖維網狀結構是電極欲達到高比電容值最重要的兩個條件，而這樣的材料特性可藉由降低陽極沈積製程的電位與溫度，並適當地控制鍍液濃度(約0.5M)來獲得。在1.5庫侖的陽極沈積電量下(氧化層厚度約為3~4 μm)，錳氧化物電極的比電容值可高達240 F/g，或290 mF/cm2。
200oC以下的熱處理有助提升氧化物電極的電容特性。隨著其中水分子以及有機物質被驅除、表面粗糙度增加，以及奈米微晶粒的結晶程度變佳，雖然電極的比電容值稍微降低但其快速充放電能力與電化學穩定性均有明顯改善。當熱處理溫度繼續提高，會促使氧化物的形貌產生重新排列，奈米纖維狀結構被破壞，並在局部區域開始出現Mn3O4與Mn2O3的結晶相，而使電極的擬電容特性發生退化。當溫度達500oC時，氧化物進行全面性的結晶化反應並伴隨氧氣的釋出，而高結晶性氧化錳的出現將使電極完全喪失其擬電容特性。
以陽極沈積法為基礎能製備得到多層氧化物/碳複合電極以及共沈積氧化物/碳複合電極。碳粉的添加能增加電極表面積並提高其電子及離子導電性，因此使兩複合電極均擁有比單純氧化物電極更加理想的擬電容特性以及更長的循環充放電使用壽命。在高電位掃瞄速度(150 mV/sec)的循環伏安測試條件下，複合電極的比電容值比單純氧化物者高約30%。

The manganese oxide electrodes with promising pseudo-capacitive behavior were successfully prepared by anodic deposition in manganese acetate solutions. Anodic potential (0.5-0.95VSCE), temperature (0-50oC), and electrolyte concentration (0.05-1M) were found to significantly influence the properties of the deposited manganese oxide. In addition, effects of heat treatment (100-700oC for two hours) on material characteristics and electrochemical properties of the manganese oxide electrodes were investigated. This study also attempted to manufacture manganese oxide/carbon composite electrodes based on the anodic deposition process. The improvements of specific capacitance, high power capability, and cyclic stability of manganese oxide electrodes due to carbon addition were explored as well.
The experimental results indicated that the anodically deposited material was composed of (trivalent and tetravalent) manganese oxide, manganese hydroxide, and structural water. Moreover, based on its nature of poor crystallinity, high porosity, and high surface area, the deposited oxide electrode exhibited ideal pseudo-capacitive performance and was considered to be promising electrode material for a super-capacitor. High water content and uniformly fine network structure of nano-fiber oxide were confirmed to be the two most important factors that led the manganese oxide to high specific capacitance. However, these kinds of material characteristics were preferably obtained at both low deposition potential and temperature and accompanied by appropriate concentration (around 0.5M) of manganese acetate plating electrolyte. Under the condition of 1.5C total passed anodic charge (the deposit was 3-4 μm in thickness), the optimum specific capacitance of the electrode was 240 F/g or 290 mF/cm2.
Heat treatment below 200oC was found to enhance capacitive performance of manganese oxide electrodes. As structural water and organic matter were released by heating, surface roughness and nano-crystallinity of the manganese oxide simultaneously increased. Accordingly, high rate charge/discharge property and cyclic stability of the electrode were significantly improved, though its specific capacitance was slightly sacrificed. Further increasing annealing temperature beyond 200oC caused the re-arrangement of the oxide to occur. However, distortion of the nano-fiber network structure and appearance of crystal Mn3O4 and Mn2O3 phases in local areas caused degradation of the pseudo-capacitive performance for the oxide electrode. Complete crystallization, accompanying an oxygen release reaction, of the deposited oxide occurred around 500oC. Total loss of capacitive characteristics resulting from the formation of highly crystalline oxide was confirmed for the oxide electrode treated at temperatures above 500oC.
Two kinds of manganese oxide/carbon composite electrodes, including multilayer and co-deposition composite materials, were successfully prepared based on the anodic deposition process. Also, addition of carbon powder was found to increase surface area, porosity, and conductivity of the manganese oxide. Therefore, the specific capacitances, evaluated by cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 150 mV/sec, of the composite electrodes were 30% higher than that of a plain oxide electrode. Moreover, cyclic stability of the electrodes was promoted by carbon adding as well.

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