| 研究生: |
吳慧中 Wu, Hui-Chung |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
人口結構變遷下國民小學績效與規模之關係 Investigating the Relationship Between the Scale and Efficiency for the Elementary School Under the Changing of the Population Structure |
| 指導教授: |
姜渝生
Chiang, Yu-Sheng |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 都市計劃學系 Department of Urban Planning |
| 論文出版年: | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度: | 93 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 97 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 績效 、規模 、少子化 、教育品質 、國民小學 、資料包絡分析 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Few Generating, DEA, Scal, the Elementary School |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:77 下載:8 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
「人口縮減、高齡化、少子化」是全世界已開發國家所共同面臨的人口發展現象,學生人數大幅減少將迫使學小採取減班策略,可能出現校舍空間閒置之現象甚至對教師體系、教育資源產生浪費之威脅。
教育是國家發展的根基,為了提高國民的素質,培育國家未來的棟樑,必須在資源有限的情況之下,提高教育資源投入所產生的經營績效。教育部為全面提升教育品質,於民國八十七年公佈,將逐年補助地方政府教育經費使國中小一律三十五人編班,盼以小班教學制度化解少子化的困境;然而小班教學或許可解決目前窘境,但是否能提升教育品質仍有待評估,因此本研究擬從國內外實施小班教學的理論與經驗著手,探討其影響教育品質的因素,然後進一步評估少子化對教育資源使用績效之影響,以供研擬教育政策時之參考。
本研究將從台灣地區人口特性,以人口總量成長趨勢及人口結構改變為起點,分析及檢討現行人口現況改變之情形;並由國外班級規模變動之實驗與國內學者看法,歸納班級規模對於學生學習成績之影響,及影響教育品質之因素,就出生人口與教育資源等關係,擇定台灣人口少子化現象嚴重以及教育供需嚴重不平衡之台南市為研究區域,配合學校特性,從經濟學的觀點切入,以資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis;DEA)評估各學校之效率指標,並配合地理資訊系統(Geography Information System;GIS)輔助,檢視台南市各小學營運狀況,其目的在使各校能在人口結構改變的現象下:1、尋求最適班級人數;2、妥善的分配與利用資源;3、找出提高產出面的方法。
“Population-decreasing, aged society, few-generating” are the common population phenomenons of the developed countries in the whole world. The decreasing amounts of students will lead the elementary school to take the measure of cutting down classes. It will happen as well as the abandon of school facilities and the waste of the educational resources.
Education is the foundation of the developments of a country. In order to raise the quality of citizens, we have to upgrade the efficiencies under the fact of limited resources. As a matter of fact, in order to promote the quality of education, the Ministry of Education has announced in 1998 that the quantities of student in a class can’t surpass the standard of thirty-five in all junior and elementary schools. Allowing for the new dividing-class-policy which solves the situation of few-generating, the Ministry of Education will subsidy the educating budgets for each regional government year by year. However, the policy may easily solve the difficult situation in a short time, but is it really good for our quality of education in the long run? This is something very important and should be carefully evaluated. Therefore, by investigating the theories and experiences of small-class, and then evaluating the effects caused by few-generating and finding the relationship between the scale and efficiency of the elementary school, this paper is trying to probe into the major factors which truly influences the quality of education and the proper class scale for providing the references when making education policy decisions.
We will start with the statues of population in Taiwan, including the trends of total population and the changes of population age structure for analyzing and examining the situation of population at present. By concluding the experiments of changing class scale in other countries and many scholars’ opinions, we will have the key factors to the quality of education. According to the relationship of birthrate and educating resources, we will select Tainan as our studying area who has the most serious problem of children-decreasing in Taiwan and the worst unbalanced circumstances of educating supply and demand. With the characteristics of each school as inputs from the economic point-of-view, we will evaluate the efficiencies of elementary schools with DEA model, and we would like to give some opinions for the schools with the Geography Information System. This paper’s purposes would be trying to: 1).look for the optimal class scale; 2).make the distribution and use of the education resources properly; 3).find the methods of raising educating productions.
(一)中文文獻
1、 四一O教育改造聯盟(民85):民間教育改造藍圖:朝向正義的結構性變革。
2、 毛放(民87):面向二十一世紀的小學辦學模式改革。教育資料文摘。
3、 白菊鳳(民86):如何落實小班小校之我見。台中縣文教,26期,p.36-38。
4、 王國明、顧志遠(民79):DEA 模式在教育評鑑上應用之研究,現代教育。
5、 沈六(民74) :台北縣教育經費問題與改進之研究。師大學報第三十期。
6、 林文達(民75):教育財政學,三民書局。
7、 林文達(民80):教育經濟學,三民書局。
8、 台北市教師研習中心(民85):降低國民中小學班級學生人數之研究。。
9、 台南市政府(民92):「民國九十二年台南市教育概況」。
6、 行政院教育改革審議委員會(民85b):教育改革總諮議報告書。
7、 吳清山、李錫津、劉緬懷、莊貞銀、盧美貴(民83):班級經營。
8、 吳清山、蔡菁芝(民90):中美兩國降低班級人數政策之研究:初等教育學刊第十期。
9、 吳宗泰,從人口趨勢看小班小校的規劃:學校規模、編制與教育品質的關係。
10、 李遠哲(民85):教育改革總諮議報告書。台北:行政院教育改革審議委員會。
11、 徐世瑜(民89):小班教學精神的理論與實務,台北市立師範學院報。
12、 高強、黃旭男、Toshiyuki Sueyoshi(民92),「管理績效評估-資料包絡分析法」,華泰書局,台北。
13、 高強華(民87):提升小班教學成效的途徑。中等教育,49(6),p.109-111。
14、 黃振球(民81):學校管理與績效。師大書苑。
15、 張素貞(民88):從發展小班教學精神,談普通班級的個別化教學。菁莪。
16、 張德銳(民89):對「中小學學校之經營」之評論,教改通訊第14期,行政院教育改革審議委員會。
17、 張德銳(民88):新世紀我國中小學學校經營的方向。學校行政,第五期。
18、 簡茂發、李琪明(民90):當代教育指標,p.392-396。
19、 陳利銘、許添明(民92),我國小班政策之檢討與改進建議,教育政策論壇第六卷第二期。
20、 張錦堂(民87):「小班化教育」的理論與實踐研究。海峽兩岸小學教育學術研討會,上海市教育科學研究院、上海市教育學會編印,p.162-171。
21、 教育部(民85):台閩地區各國民中小學校概況統計。
22、 教育部(民85):中華民國教育統計。
23、 教育部(民87):發展小班教學精神計畫。教育部編印。
24、 郭添財(民83):從技術效率談學校最適經營規模,教育研究雙月刊,第39期。
25、 薛承泰(民92):十年教改為誰築夢?台北:心理出版社。
26、 蓋浙生(民88),教育財政與教育發展,師大書苑有限公司,p.4-12。
27、 蓋浙生(民82),教育經濟與計畫,五南圖書出版有限公司,p.10-12。
28、 蓋浙生(民82),教育經濟學(再版),三民書局,p.231-233。
29、 傅祿建(民87):實施小班化教育的理論思考。教育資料文摘。
30、 樊景周(民77):國民小學大班級制之研究。台北:長江書局。
(二)外文文獻
1、 Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science,30,p.1078-1092.
2、 Bourdieu, P. & Passeron, J.(1990). Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage.
3、 Cacha, F.B.(1982). The Class Size and Achievement Controversy. Comtemporary Education, 54(1), p.13-16.
4、 Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1985). Preface to Topics in Data Envelopment Analysis. Annals of Operations Research, 2, p.59-94.
5、 Cohen, D.H.(1966). Dependency and Class Size. Childhood Education, 43(1), p.16-19.
6、 Farrell, M. J.(1957). The Measurement of Productive Efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A,(120), p.253-281
7、 Flinker, I.(1972). Optimum class size:What is the magic number?Clearinghouse, 46(8), p.471-473.
8、 Golany, B. and Y. Roll(1989):An Application Procedure for DEA,OMEGA Int. Journal of Management Science, Vol.17,(03), p.237-250.
9、 Karen A.(1995).Does Class Size Matter? Economics of Education Review, Vol.14. No3, p.229-241.
10、 Lewin, A. Y.& Minton, J. W.(1986).Determining Organizational Effectiveness:Another Look, and An Agenda for Research, Management Science, 32(5), p.514-538.
11、 Linda H.、Maurice G.、Anthony P. (1998), The Effects in Class Size on Teacher-Pupil Interaction, International Journal of Educational Research 29, p.779-795.
12、 Michael N.& Barry S.(1991), Data Envelopment Analysis:The Assessment of Performance, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
13、 Maurice G.(1998), Class Size: a Critical Comment on the Research. International Journal of Educational Research 29 ,p.809-818.
14、 Michael B. (2001), Intra-school Variation in Class Size: Patterns and Implications. Journal of Urban Economics 50, p.163-189.
15、 Moody, W.B., Bausell, R.B. and Jenkins, J.R.(1972). The Effect of Class Size on the Learning of Mathematics: A Parametric Study. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.
16、 Peter B. (2003), A Systematic Observational Study of Teachers’ and Pupils’ Behavior in Large and Small Classes. Learning and Instruction.
17、 Peter E. Kennedy、John J. (1996), On the Optimality of Unequal Class Sizes, Economics Letters 50, p.299-304.
18、 Zomorrodian, M. R(1990):Guidelines for Improving Efficiency in Elementary Schools in Western Massachusetts:A data envelopment analysis approach, Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol.51(07),2264A