在自然界真菌異營(Myco-heterotrophic)的蘭花不具有葉綠體，終其生命週期完全得依靠共生真菌提供生長發育所需的營養。因此透過研究比較不同真菌異營蘭花的特殊共生真菌種類，除了可以提供真菌異營蘭花與共生真菌依存關係的資訊外，亦可增加對這些蘭花共生真菌和真菌異營蘭花適應環境變異之間關聯性的了解。赤箭屬(Gastrodia species)植物是真菌異營植物中蘭花的代表，因為赤箭屬植物是蘭科之中最大的真菌異營屬植物。目前的研究發現某些赤箭屬植物如高赤箭(G. elata)、八代赤箭(G. confusa)、G. similis和G. sesamoides等赤箭屬植物會與分解腐爛木頭、雜草的真菌，例如蜜環菌屬(Armillaria)、小菇屬(Mycena)、樹脂菌屬(Resinicium)、脈褶菌屬(Campanella)及小皮傘屬(Marasmius)等腐生真菌共生，以獲取碳源。然而目前對這些真菌異營蘭花共生真菌在蘭花生長微棲地的族群結構，以及這些蘭花共生真菌對異營蘭科植物物種多樣性的影響，則是較少被研究與了解的。因此，本研究使用自行設計的真菌專一性大核糖體(28S rDNA gene)序列區段的分子標誌，再利用次世代定序技術(Next Generation Sequencing, NGS)來檢驗夏赤箭和黃赤箭植物塊莖與周圍土壤的真菌群聚結構。研究結果顯示，夏赤箭植物塊莖中真菌菌相的組成和土壤的不同，環境中的真菌菌相並不會影響夏赤箭植物塊莖中的真菌菌相。與夏赤箭相比，黃赤箭植物塊莖中真菌菌相的組成更相近於自身周圍土壤，其植物塊莖中真菌菌相也較易受到環境中真菌菌相的影響。Mycena cf. quiniaultensis OSC 67121是主要構成夏赤箭植物塊莖中菌相的真菌；而不同個體的黃赤箭植物塊莖中，各個物種分類層級的最大宗已知真菌物種皆不相同，其具有的共通大宗已知真菌物種為指狀孢菌屬(Dactylaria)真菌。透過我們的研究結果能更了解蘭科共生真菌的族群結構與赤箭屬植物之間的生存、競爭及分布之間的關係，且可為未來人工培育台灣赤箭屬植物奠定良好基礎。

In this study, we designed a set of fungal specific primers to amplify a variable region of fungal 28S rDNA and then used next-generation sequencing approach to examine the fungal community in the tubers of two different Gastrodia species and in the surrounding soil. We found that (1) the fungal species in the tubers were highly diversified and Mycena species were the predominant fungi in the tubers of G. flavilabella, (2) the fungal composition of G. flavilabella tubers were not affected by the fungal community of the surrounding soil and (3) the fungal composition in the tubers of G. stapfii was very similar to the surrounding soil.

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