本研究探討四行程化油器機車使用不同比例含氧量與芳香烴含量汽油為燃料對引擎尾氣排放污染物影響。解析法定污染物、揮發性有機污染物、醛酮化合物及有機性有害空氣污染物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、甲醛及乙醛)之排放影響，並評析臭氧生成潛勢(OFP)、等效減量值(EEA)及有機性有害空氣污染物對健康影響。三支測試油分別為酒精含量15% (E15)汽油、芳香烴含量為15% (A15)汽油，及市售95無鉛汽油(對照油, RF)；測試結果與對照油(RF)進行比較。試驗車輛選擇同廠牌同引擎形式之三部不同累計里程使用中機車，分別為低、中、高里程。
研究結果顯示，使用中機車使用E15為燃料與市售油相較，CO、THC排放係數皆減量，NOx排放係數則皆增量，唯高累計里程機車THC排放係數增量(2%)。使用中機車使用A15為燃料與市售油相較，CO、THC、NOx排放係數皆減量，唯高累計里程機車THC排放係數增量(8%)，油品成份與法定污染物排放係數相關性分析顯示，CO排放係數與油品含氧量、烯烴含量具有高度負相關。
使用中機車使用E15為燃料與市售油相較，總 VOC排放係數皆減量，烷烴、烯烴及芳香烴排放係數為降低，但醛酮化合物於中、高累計里程機車增量約2倍，原因為醇類燃燒生成甲醛及乙醛所致。使用中機車使用A15為燃料與市售油相較， 總 VOC排放係數皆減量，烷烴、烯烴、芳香烴及醛酮化合物排放係數亦減量，唯高累計里程機車尾氣烯烴與醛酮化合物增量。油品成份與各VOC成分排放係數相關性分析顯示，醛酮化合物排放係數與油品含氧量、烯烴含量具有高度負相關。
有機性有害空氣污染物測試結果顯示，機車使用使用E15與A15為燃料對BTEX排放係數皆減量。使用E15則對甲醛和乙醛排放呈現增量，乙醛排放增加約9倍。相關性分析顯示，甲醛及乙醛排放係數與油品含氧量、烯烴含量具有高度負相關。
臭氧生成潛勢結果顯示，中、高累計里程機車使用E15為燃料之引擎廢氣排放約增加6~16%臭氧生成潛勢，原因為E15油品添加乙醇導致尾氣醛酮化合物排放增量致使臭氧生成潛勢上升；使用A15為燃料可改善臭氧生成潛勢約11~20%，原因為A15油品芳香烴含量、烯烴含量、含氧量皆較市售油低，可減少尾氣高光化反應性VOC排放。相關性分析顯示，臭氧生成潛勢與油品含氧量、烯烴含量具有高度負相關。
不同累計里程機車使用E15為燃料所致等效減量值(EEA)皆高於使用A15為燃料，顯示汽油添加乙醇對法定污染物具較佳改善效果；唯使用E15為燃料乙醛排放增量約3~9倍，造成致癌性權重與危害性權重高於使用A15為燃料。
整體而言，使用中機車使用E15為燃料對法定污染物改善效果較A15佳，但由於E15測試油添加醇類導致燃燒生成醛酮化合物，造成甲醛、乙醛及臭氧生成量增加，對人體健康危害產生影響。

This study has been conducted to investigate the effects of oxygen and aromatic content in gasoline on air pollutant emissions from four-stroke motorcycles. Two test fuels were used in this study. The first one was ethanol-gasoline blend which contains 15 vol% ethanol in gasoline (E15). The second test fuel was aromatic-lean gasoline which contained 15 vol% aromatics in fuel (A15). The results of all test fuels were compared to the commercial unleaded gasoline as reference fuel (RF), in which methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was the oxygenated additive. The target pollutants included criteria air pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyls, and organic air toxics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde). Three test motorcycles with engine displacement of 125 cm3 and different accumulated millage were tested on a dynamometer with ECE test cycle.
The results showed that CO and THC emissions decreased and NOx emissions increased when used E15 as the fuel compared to those of RF in the in-use motorcycles. THC emission from high-mileage motorcycle increased 2%. When using A15 as fuel, CO, THC, NOx emissions decreased as compared to those of RF, but THC emission increased 8% for high-millage motorcycle. The results implied a strong negative relationship between CO emission and fuel oxygen and olefins contents.
Using E15 as the fuel reduced emissions of total VOCs, alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics groups. In contrast, the emissions of carbonyls group increasing about two folds as compared to the RF applied in the medium- and high-millage motorcycles. High emissions of acetaldehyde contributed high carbonyl group emission while using ethanol blend. The results showed that the total VOC emissions decreased as using A15 as fuel. The emissions of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, and carbonyls groups decreased generally as compared to those from the RF, expect that high-mileage motorcycle showed a higher emission of alkenes and carbonyls. The correlation results implied a strong-negative relationship between the carbonyl emission and the fuel oxygen and olefins contents.
The results of air toxics emissions, showed that E15 and A15 reduced the emissions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) from all test motorcycles compared to those from RF. Using E15 as fuel increases emissions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde emission increased about 9 times than that from RF.

The ozone-forming potential (OFP) of VOCs in the engine exhaust showed that using E15 as fuel increased OFP about 6~16% for medium- and high-mileage motorcycles. Higher carbonyls emissions is the main reason that contributed high OFP while using ethanol blend. As using A15 OFP decreased 11~20%. Using ethanol-blended gasoline as fuel may reduce criteria pollutant emissions effectively than using A15 as fuel. On the other hand, using E15 as fuel may cause high carcinogenic and hazard impact because of higher acetaldehyde emissions.
In summary, the criteria pollutant emissions may decrease when use E15 or A15 as fuel as compared those from the RF; the E15 also showed a higher emission reduction than those from A15. However, using E15 had the higher OFP and toxicity because of the higher emission of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.

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