研究背景與目的：老化自我覺知是老化過程中個人對老的認知與看法，為一多面向影響因子。抱持正向老化自我覺知與生理功能、心理健康和生活品質有關，且可能因其居住環境而有差異。現今針對城鄉高齡者老化自我覺知與心理健康、生活品質關聯性的研究仍存在差異。本研究擬探討城市和鄉村地區高齡者老化自我覺知現況與差異，並進一步了解在不同居住地區高齡者老化自我覺知與憂鬱傾向、生活品質的相關性。
研究方法：本研究為一橫斷研究設計，選定臺南市特定行政區之65歲以上社區高齡者進行問卷調查。使用老化自我覺知（AgeCog）量表評估參與者之正、負向老化自我覺知，憂鬱傾向與生活品質則分別採用CES-D和WHOQOL-AGE進行評估。使用SPSS 22統計軟體進行分析，以p<.05代表具統計上的顯著意義。
研究結果：共納入363位參與者（城市179位；鄉村184位），整體平均年齡為75.98±7.0歲，74.9%為女性。所有受訪者中，正向老化自我覺知分數為10.83±3.11分，負向老化自我覺知分數為10.75±2.75分，城鄉地區在正向老化自我覺知呈顯著差異（p<.001）。年齡、居住地區、社會參與以及社會支持為影響城鄉高齡者正向老化自我覺知的因子；學歷、自覺健康以及行動力為影響城鄉高齡者負向老化自我覺知的因子；透過階層迴歸分析發現，負向老化自我覺知對城市高齡者的憂鬱傾向有顯著影響（p<.01），而正向老化自我覺知（p<.001）、負向老化自我覺知（p<.01）皆為城市高齡者生活品質的重要影響因子。行動力為影響鄉村高齡者憂鬱傾向（p<.01）與生活品質（p<.001）的重要因素。
結論：城市高齡者抱持較積極的正向老化自我覺知，且影響高齡者老化自我覺知的因素隨居住地區而有差異，老化自我覺知對城鄉高齡者心理健康以及生活品質扮演重要角色。未來在提升高齡者正向老化自我覺知應考量到城鄉環境差異。

Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) were multi-faceted factors, which means the beliefs and expectations held by older adults about their aging. People having positive SPA were associated with physical functioning, mental health, and quality of life (QoL). SPA might be influenced by the living environment of older adults. However, the results between SPA, depression and QoL among older adults in rural-urban areas are still inconsistent. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relations between self-perceptions of aging (SPA), depression, and QoL among older adults living in rural-urban communities. A cross-sectional study among older adults aged 65 years and above was conducted in selected urban and rural districts in Tainan for questionnaire surveys. A total of 363 participants (rural n=184, urban n=179) were recruited for the study. The result showed urban older adults had a more positive SPA than rural older adults. We also found that the factors associated with older adults’ SPA vary depending on the residential areas. In urban areas, older adults with a more positive SPA and fewer negative SPA tended to have better QoL, whereas older adults with a more negative SPA presented more depression tendencies. In rural areas, mobility is the most influencing factor in depression and QoL. These findings not only emphasized how disparities between rural-urban areas influence the individuals’ views on aging but highlighted the importance of SPA for mental health and QoL for older adults. This provided insights into related interventions, education, and policy recommendations to build positive self-perceptions of aging in society.

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