目的：許多研究已指出早產兒的執行功能（Executive Function, EF）有所缺損，Ni、Huang與Guo（2011）排除了早期即已發現發展遲緩的兒童之後，發現早產兒即使早期發展正常，仍可能隨年齡增長而逐漸浮現EF缺損。因過去文獻均僅聚焦於認知EF層面，而未討論到情緒EF層面，故本研究旨在探討早期發展正常之極低出生體重早產兒在學齡前的情緒EF是否與認知EF有類似的不足現象。
方法：早產組來自中華民國早產兒基金會所轉介之6歲台南區極低出生體重早產兒，排除視障、聽障、腦性麻痺以及6、12、18、24個月大時貝萊氏嬰幼兒發展測驗第二版分數和5歲時魏氏幼兒智力量表智商有任何一項低於平均值兩個標準差的兒童，且控制6歲時的智商介於80至120之範圍內，共28名早產兒納入分析；對照組則為21名性別、年齡、智力、社經地位及家庭教養環境相似的足月正常兒童。以廣泛性非語文注意力測驗、倫敦塔、威斯康辛卡片分類測驗、Knox方塊仿效測驗以及魏氏兒童智力量表第四版中文版之記憶廣度分測驗為認知EF之衡鑑工具，評估抑制能力、工作記憶、計畫能力以及認知彈性；以自編台灣兒童版情緒EF之生態衡鑑為情緒EF之衡鑑工具，評估其延宕滿足、情緒調節以及心智理論等能力。
結果：在認知EF方面，早產組在認知彈性、抑制能力以及計畫能力的表現較對照組差，在工作記憶的表現則與對照組無顯著差異；在情緒EF方面，早產組在延宕滿足和心智理論的表現與對照組無顯著差異，但在情緒調節方面呈現調節較慢之趨勢。
討論：極低出生體重早產兒即使早期發展正常，到了學齡前仍可能逐漸浮現情緒調節困難的徵兆，顯示情緒調節與認知EF都是臨床上須關注及追蹤之面向。雖然樣本數仍較少，本研究也暗示認知與情緒兩層面之缺損可能有不同但相互關聯的病理機制，未來宜累積更多樣本資料，以建立更完整的病理模式。

The aim of this study was to investigate whether VLBW children with normal early development have deficits in emotional EF at preschool age. Participants were 28 six-year-old VLBW children with normal early development and full-scale IQ ranged from 80 to 120 as well as 21 term children with comparable IQ, gender, home environment, and social economic status. WISC-IV, CNAT, ToL, WCST, KCT, and Emotional EF Ecological Assessment Battery for Children in Taiwan were administerd and analyzed to evaluate cognitive EF and emotional EF in these children. The results showed that VLBW children with normal early development have deficits in cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning, and emotion regulation. In conclusion, both emotion regulation and cognitive EF are important to be concerned and followed-up in the future.

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