古中國之簧片構造掛鎖，乃是具單一自由度之簡易滑件機構，為鎖栓與鎖體的組合，內部以不同排列方式之簧片作為鎖具開啟的障礙物；簧片掛鎖的構造雖然簡易，但卻具有工藝技術與機械發展之研究價值。本研究首先歸納出鎖具之基本組成元件，並介紹近代西方鎖具(栓銷制栓鎖、凸塊鎖、槓桿制栓鎖、盤形制栓鎖、組合鎖)及古早中國鎖具(閂鎖與掛鎖)的構造。為使鎖具的研究更為充分，依據所蒐集的文獻資料輔以鎖具之定義與相關字源，探索鎖具的發展，並以英文百科全書與字典及古中國零散之文獻資料，來強化對鎖具之意義與構造演變的認識。接著以古中國簧片掛鎖為主，歸納出其設計流程，包括決定功能需求、決定鎖具開啟方式、選擇鎖孔位置、設計內部簧片構形、設計符合擠壓全部簧片的鑰匙頭形狀、設計鎖孔形狀、美化鎖體外形、選擇適當的材質、雕飾鎖體、以及完成古鎖設計等步驟，這些步驟亦代表著簧片掛鎖之特性。為使鎖具之設計系統化並有所依據，本研究提出簧片的排列設計方法，以完整及有系統的提升簧片之功效，並提出鎖孔與鑰匙的表示法。簧片掛鎖的簧片排列設計方法，可由所提出之計算方法予以推論，以現有古鎖之簧片的設計與特性之介紹為重點。再者，本研究提出以圖示法及數學表示式來顯示鎖孔與鑰匙的關係，分別以完全對應配合與非完全對應配合之簧片掛鎖兩個不同範例來進行方法的說明與應用，並以此方法介紹其可能的延伸設計與發展；本研究乃是有關古早中國鎖具的首冊學位論文，冀望能夠經由機械原理、文化社會、工藝技術、以及數學應用等四者之搭配，使古中國簧片構造鎖具之研究得以延續。

　　An ancient Chinese splitting-spring padlock is basically a simple slider mechanism with one degree of freedom. It consists of a lock-body, a lock-peg, and a key for opening the lock. The lock-peg is composed by a lock-stem and some different configurations of splitting-springs with one end bonded to the lock-peg as the obstacle for preventing opening. Although most of the mechanisms of ancient Chinese splitting-spring padlocks are simple, they are valuable for studying regarding the technology and mechanical development of ancient Chinese crafts. First, we conclude the basic components of locks, and introduce modern Western locks in our daily life, such as pin-tumbler cylinder locks, warded locks, lever-tumbler locks, disc-tumbler cylinder locks, and combination locks. And we classify ancient Chinese locks as bolt locks and padlocks according to the mechanisms. Then we study the developments of western locks based on the literatures of English encyclopedias and dictionaries of different era and editions. The descriptions and definitions about Western locks are more integrated. The related literature may replenish the lacking and scattering of ancient Chinese literature about locks, and may also help to strengthen the significances and developments of locks. This study focus on the ancient Chinese splitting-spring padlocks and concludes the design procedures as: determining the specifications, deciding the way for opening the locks, choosing the location of the keyhole, designing the configurations of the splitting-springs, designing the shape of keyheads, designing the shape of keyholes, designing the shape of the lock, choosing the appropriate material, decorating the lock, and manufacturing. For the systematic design the ancient Chinese splitting-spring padlocks, we also propose a method for arranging the springs to promote the efficiency of the springs. Furthermore, the relations of keyholes and keys are also presented by mathematical expressions and graphs. This method, with the characteristics of expressible, predictable, countable, expandable, and sequential, is illustrated by two examples. This work is the first dissertation for the systematic study of the ancient Chinese padlocks. We anticipate this work can stimulate future studies with combining the mechanism, culture, technology, and mathematics for ancient Chinese splitting-spring padlocks.

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