在奈米級結構中引發電場強化進而誘發表面電漿拉曼散射效應需要綜合考慮增顯機制與製程技術等因素。而由於此技術能用於生醫檢測應用基板之開發，故在近年來被廣泛討論。本研究利用奈米壓痕製程技術，於金表面上製作週期性之奈米壓痕孔洞結構陣列利用縮減壓痕間距改變孔洞結構深寬比變化開發一具空間強化效能的SERS活性基板，提升表面電漿子侷限化之效果，能提升增顯因子至9.0×107。
針對蛋白質類生物標記分子的分析中可證實，本研究所設計奈米壓痕孔洞結構陣列檢測HBV-cAg與HCV-cAg時，在10-8 M低濃度下可有效分辨兩者之圖譜差異性，證實此基板具有免標定的圖譜定性分析效能。此外，導入簡易染色法對於極低濃度之蛋白分子之染色定量分析，證實於極低濃度(10-7~10-10 M)下區間內，其染劑分子之拉曼增顯強度與蛋白分子濃度之對數值呈現線性關係。
針對核酸類生物標記分子的分析中可證實，SR-nAu基板能有效的定義出不同亞型的禽流感病毒特殊基因片段以及其雜合前後之狀態的差異性。此外，藉由核酸引子改質的基板能夠成功的藉由核酸特有的雜合反應由互補與非互補的核酸序列中分離出標的核酸，由拉曼圖譜中738 cm-1處的特性峰消失以及最強特性峰位置由1575 cm-1位移至1554 cm-1處可明確辨識雜合反應是否發生。故可證明本研究設計之SERS活性基板能有效的捕捉並檢測出檢體中是否具有特定核酸序列。
最後，將上述所設計之SERS活性基板嵌入微流道結構內，整合成一簡易檢測平台，並以此驗證所設計之微流道檢測平台能成功辨識微量特定生物標記分子。其對蛋白質體與核酸序列等生物標記分子之檢測極限能成功拓展至約奈米等級的莫耳濃度等級。基於基礎與應用性之研究，其結果顯示：SR-nAu基板是非常有前景且具有很大的潛力應用於檢測工具，特別適用於極少量的生物標記之快速篩檢領域。

To reinforce electromagnetic coupling of light in nano-structure has been a major challenge in biomedical diagnosis because of the need to consider various enhancement mechanisms of and fabrication challenges. In this study, a novel “Spatially reinforced Au nano-cavities” (SR-nAu) were designed with a reduced tip-to-tip displacement to localize the surface plasmons by properly controlling the aspect ratio of cavity structure, its optimal EF of Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for R6G can be increased to 9.0×107.
In the study of recognizing biomarker as protein, the SR-nAu substrates are competent to distinguish the difference between HBV-cAg and HCV-cAg within a limit of 10-8 M and be employed for quantitative distinction of antigen concentration simultaneously. A linear relationship between Raman intensities of CBBG with various antigen concentrations can be found over a concentration range of 10-7 to 10-10 M.
In the study of recognizing biomarker as DNA, specific target sequence of AIV, H7-T, H7-P, and its hybridization, within the nano-reservoir were mostly distinguishable. In addition, the probe-immobilized reservoir could be used to separate the match or mismatch DNA sequences with hybridization reaction. Raman shifts for the presence of 738 cm-1 and the change of major peak intensity from 1554 cm-1 (with hybridization) to 1575 cm-1 (without hybridization) could be clearly found as a recognizing basis.
Furthermore probe immobilized nano-reservoir was embedded into a micro-fluidic channel was competent to capture and distinguish the target biomarker. According to these results, the as-designed substrate are very promising and have high potential as a characterization tool for fast-screening detection of small quantity of target biomarkers

[1] S. Shanmukh, L. Jones, J. Driskell, Y. Zhao, R. Dluhy, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory virus molecular signatures using a silver nanorod array SERS substrate”, Nano Letters, Vol. 6, 2630-2636, 2006.
[2] I. Kim , I. R. Junejo, M. Lee , S. Lee, E. K. Lee, S. I. Chang, J. Choo, “SERS-based multiple biomarker detection using a gold-patterned microarray chip”, Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 1023, 197-203, 2012.
[3] 黃國柱, 辛玉麟和賴俊邑, “奈米材料於生醫檢驗之應用”, Chemistry, Vol. 64, 295-304, 2006.
[4] M. J. Bonholzer, J. E. Millstone, L. Qin, and C. A. Mirkin, “Rationally designed nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy”, Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 37, 885-897, 2008.
[5] M. D. Li, Y. Cui, M. X. Gao, J. Luo, B. Ren, and Z. Q. Tian, “Clean substrates prepared by chemical adsorption of iodide followed by electrochemical oxidation for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of cell membrane”, Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 80, 5118-5125, 2008.
[6] A. Lyon, C. D. Keating, A. P. Fox, B. E. Baker, L. He, S. R. Nicewarner, S. P. Mulvaney, and M. J. Natan, “Raman spectroscopy”, Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 70, 341-362, 1998.
[7] M. D. Porter, R. J. Lipert, L. M. Siperko, G. Wang, and R. Narayanan, “SERS as a bioassay platform: fundamentals, design, and applications”, Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 37, 1001-1011, 2008.
[8] A. Barhoumi, D. Zhang, F. Tam, and N. J. Halas, “Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of DNA”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, 5523-5529, 2008.
[9] K. C. Schuster, E. Urlaub, and J. R. Gapes, “Single-cell analysis of bacteria by Raman microscopy: spectral information on the chemical composition of cells and on the heterogeneity in a culture”, Journal of Microbiological Methods, Vol. 42, 29-38, 2000.
[10] M. Harz, P. Rosch, K. D. Peschke, O. Ronneberger, H. Burkhardt, and J. Popp, “Micro-Raman spectroscopic identification of bacterial cells of the genus staphylococcus and dependence on their cultivation conditions”, The Analyst, Vol. 130, 1543-1550, 2005.
[11] K. Kneipp, H. Kneipp, I. Itzkan, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and biophysics”, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 14, 597-624, 2002.
[12] P. K. A. Campion, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering”, Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 27, 241-250, 1998.
[13] S. Nie and S. R. Emory, “Probing single molecules and single nanoparticles by surface-enhanced Raman scattering”, Science, Vol. 275, 1102-1106, 1997.
[14] S. Corni and J. Tomasi, “Studying SERS from Metal Nanoparticles and Nanoparticles Aggregates with Continuum Models”, surface-enhanced Raman scateering : physics and applications, Springer: New York, Vol.113, 105-123, 2006.
[15] P. L. Stiles, J. A. Dieringer, N. C. Shah, and R. P. Van Duyne, “Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy”, Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 1, 601-626, 2008
[16] K. A. Willets and R. P. Van Duyne, “Localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing”, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 58, 267-297, 2007.
[17] K. Hering, D. Cialla, K. Ackermann, T. Dörfer, R. Möller, H. Schneidewind, R. Mattheis, W. Fritzsche, P. Rösch, and J. Popp, “SERS: a versatile tool in chemical and biochemical diagnostics”, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 390, 113-124, 2008.
[18] R. J. C. Brown and M. J. T. Milton, “Nanostructures and nanostructured substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)”, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 39, 1313-1326, 2008
[19] N. P. W. Pieczonka and R. F. Aroca, “Single molecule analysis by surface-enhanced Raman scattering”, Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 37, 946-954, 2008.
[20] R. A. Tripp, R. A. Dluhy, and Y. Zhao, “Novel nanostructures for SERS biosensing”, Nano Today, Vol. 3, 31-37, 2008.
[21] J. C. B. Richard and J. T. M. Martin, “Nanostructures and nanostructured substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)”, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 39, 1313-1326, 2008.
[22] B. Sepveda, C. Angelom Paula, L. M. Lechuga, and L. M. Liz-Marz, “LSPR-based nanobiosensors”, Nano Today, Vol. 4, 244-251, 2009.
[23] G. H. Gu, J. Kim, L. Kim, and J. S. Suh, “Optimum length of silver nanorods for fabrication of hot spots”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, 7906-7909, 2007.
[24] B. L. Broglin, A. Andreu, N. Dhussa, J. A. Heath, Jr., J. Gerst, B. Dudley, D. Holland, and M. E. Kouedi, “Investigation of the effects of the local environment on the surface-enhanced Raman spectra of striped gold/silver nanorod arrays”, Langmuir, Vol. 23, 4563-4568, 2007.
[25] C. Ruan, G. Eres, W. Wang, Z. Zhang, and B. Gu, “Controlled fabrication of nanopillar arrays as active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy”, Langmuir, Vol. 23, 5760-5757, 2007.
[26] M. A. D. Jesus, K. S. Giesfeldt, J. M. Oran, N. A. A. Hatab, N. V. Lavrik, and M. J. Sepaniak, “Nanofabrication of densely packed metal–polymer arrays for surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry”, Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 59, 1501-1508, 2005
[27] M. Sackmann, S. Bom, T. Balster, and A. Materny, “Nanostructured gold surfaces as reproducible substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy”, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 38, 277-282, 2007.
[28] L. Billot, M. L. d. l. Chapelle, A. S. Grimault, A. Vial, D. Barchiesi, J. L. Bijeon, P. M. Adam, and P. Royer, “Surface enhanced Raman scattering on gold nanowire arrays: Evidence of strong multipolar surface plasmon resonance enhancement”, Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 422, 303-307, 2006.
[29] R. A. Puebla, B. Cui, J. P. B. Vasquez, T. Veres, and H. Fenniri, “Nanoimprinted SERS-active substrates with tunable surface plasmon resonances”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, 6720-6723, 2007.
[30] X. Zhang, C. R. Yonzon, M. A. Young, D. A. Stuart, and R. P. V. Duyne, “Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy biosensors: excitation spectroscopy for optimisation of substrates fabricated by nanosphere lithography”, IEE Proceedings Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 152, 195-206, 2005.
[31] J. Biener, A. M. Hodge, J. R. Hayes, C. A. Volkert, L. A. Zepeda-Ruiz, A. V. Hamza, and F. F. Abraham, “Size effects on the mechanical behavior of nanoporous Au”, Nano Letters, Vol. 6, 2379-2382, 2006.
[32] Q. Min, M. J. L. Santos, E. M. Girotto, A. G. Brolo, and R. Gordon, “Localized Raman enhancement from a double-hole nanostructure in a metal film”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112, 15098-15101, 2008.
[33] X. Zhou, Q. Wei, K. Sun, and L. Wang, “Formation of ultrafine uniform gold nanoparticles by sputtering and redeposition”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, 133107-133103, 2009.
[34] J. D. Driskell, S. Shanmukh, Y. Liu, S. B. Chaney, X. J. Tang, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Dluhy, “The use of aligned silver nanorod arrays prepared by oblique angle deposition as surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112, 895-901, 2008.
[35] C. W. Chang and J. D. Liao, “Nano-indentation at the surface contact level: applying a harmonic frequency for measuring contact stiffness of self-assembled monolayers adsorbed on Au”, Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, 31573-31579, 2008.
[36] Y. T. Yang, J. D. Liao, Y. L. Lee, C. W. Chang, and H. J. Tsai, “Ultra-thin phospholipid layers physically adsorbed upon glass characterized by nano-indentation at the surface contact level”, Nanotechnology, Vol. 20, 195702-195707, 2009.
[37] G. Keresztury, “Raman spectroscopy: theory, handbook of vibrational spectroscopy”, John Wiley & Sons, Vol. 1, 71-73, 2001.
[38] P. R. Griffiths, “Introduction of vibrational spectroscopy, handbook of vibrational spectroscopy”, John Wiley & Sons, Vol. 1, 33-45, 2001.
[39] 汪建民，「材料分析」，中國材料科學學會，73-82，1998。
[40] 李冠卿，「表面強化拉曼散射」，物理雙月刊，5期4卷，185，1983。
[41] 謝雲生，「雷射拉曼光譜簡介」，物理雙月刊，7期1卷，25，1985。
[42] Skoog and H. Nieman, “Raman spectroscopy, principles of instrumental analysis 5/e”, Harcourt Brace & Company, 429-430, 1998.
[43] R. Ferraro and K. Nakamoto, “Introduction Raman spectroscopy”, Academic Press, 1-25, 1994.
[44] L. Richard and McCreery, “Raman spectroscopy for chemical analysis”, New York: Wiley Interscience, Vol. 157-165, 2000.
[45] M. Fleischmann, P. J. Hendra, and A. J. McQuillan, “Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode”, Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 26, 163-166, 1974.
[46] D. L. Jeanmaire and R. P. V. Duyne, “Surface Raman spectroelectrochemistry: part I. heterocyclic, aromatic, and aliphatic amines adsorbed on the anodized silver electrode”, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 84, 1-20, 1977.
[47] M. G. Albrecht and J. A. Creighton, “Anomalously intense Raman spectra of pyridine at a silver electrode”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 99, 5215-5217, 1977.
[48] M. Moskovits, K. Kneipp, and H. Kneipp, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering: physics and applications”, Springer: Berlin, 2-40, 2006.
[49] M. R. Kagan and R. L. McCreery, “Quantitative surface Raman spectroscopy of physisorbed monolayers on glassy carbon”, Langmuir, Vol. 11, 4041-4047, 2002.
[50] S. Zou and G. C. Schatz, “Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: physics and applications”, Springer: Berlin, 67-80, 2006.
[51] M. Moskovits, “Surface-enhanced spectroscopy”, Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 57, 783-826, 1985.
[52] Q. Ye, J. Fang, and L. Sun, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from functionalized self-assembled monolayers 2 distance dependence of enhanced Raman scattering from an azobenzene terminal group”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 101, 8221-8224, 1997.
[53] 吳民耀，劉威志, “表面電漿子理論與模擬”, 物理雙月刊, 28卷2期, 486-496, 2006.
[54] Z. Q. Tian, B. Ren, and D. Y. Wu, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering: from noble to transition metals and from rough surfaces to ordered nanostructures”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 106, 9463-9483, 2002.
[55] H. J. Xu and M. Käll, “Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: physics and applications”, Springer: Berlin, 92-104, 2006.
[56] J. P. Camden, J. A. Dieringer, Y. Wang, D. J Masiello, L. D. Marks, G. C. Schatz, and R. P. Van Duyne, "Probing the Structure of Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Hot Spots", Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130,12616-12617, 2008.
[57] S. Kawata, Y. Inouye, and P. Verma, “Plasmonics for near-field nano-imaging and superlensing”, Nature Photonics, Vol. 3, 388-394, 2008.
[58] H. Ueba, “Theory of charge transfer excitation in surface enhanced Raman scattering”, Surface Science, Vol. 131, 347-366, 1983.
[59] A. Campion, J. E. Ivanecky Ⅲ, C. M. Child, and M. Foster, “On the Mechanism of Chemical Enhancement in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 117, 11807-11808, 1995.
[60] J. R. Lombardi, R. L. Birke, T. Lu, and J. Xu, “Charge-transfer theory of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy:Herzberg-Teller contributions”, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 84, 4174-4180, 1986.
[61] P. Hildebrandt and M. Stockburger, "Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of Rhodamine 6G adsorbed on colloidal silver", The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 88, 5935-5944, 1984.
[62] D. C. Daniel, M. Thompson, and N. W. Woodbury, “Fluorescence intensity fluctuations of individual labeled DNA fragments and a DNA binding protein in solution at the single molecule level: a comparison of photobleaching, diffusion, and binding dynamics”, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 104, 1382-1390, 2000.
[63] T. Vosgrone and A. J. Meixner, “Surface and resonance enhanced micro-Raman spectroscopy of xanthene dyes at the single-molecule level”, Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 107, 13-20, 2004.
[64] W. Plieth, H. Dietz, A. Anders, G. Sandmann, A. Meixner, M. Weber, and H. Kneppe, “Electrochemical preparation of silver and gold nanoparticles: characterization by confocal and surface enhanced Raman microscopy”, Surface Science, Vol. 597, 119-126, 2005.
[65] S. J. Lee, Z. Guan, H. Xu, and M. Moskovits, “Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and nanogeometry: the plasmonic origin of SERS”, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, 17985-17988, 2007.
[66] K. L. Wustholz, C. L. Brosseau, F. Casadio, and R. P. V. Duyne, “Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of dyes: from single molecules to the artists’ canvas”, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 11, 7350-7359, 2009.
[67] X. M. Lin, Y. Cui, Y. H. Xu, B. Ren, and Z. Q. Tian, “Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: substrate-related issues”, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 394, 1729-1745, 2009.
[68] P. N. Sisco and C. J. Murphy, “Surface-Coverage Dependence of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Gold Nanocubes on Self-Assembled Monolayers of Analyte”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 113, 3973-3978, 2009.
[69] H. J. Chen, Y. Wang, S. Dong, and E. Wang, “An approach for fabricating self-assembled monolayer of Ag nanoparticles on gold as the SERS-active substrate”, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 64, 343-348, 2006.
[70] H. Y. Jung, Y. K. Park, S. Park, and S. K. Kim, “Surface enhanced Raman scattering from layered assemblies of close-packed gold nanopardicles”, Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 602, 236-243, 2007.
[71] M. Kahl, E. Voges, S. Kostrewa, C. Viets, and W. Hill, “Periodically structured metallic substrates for SERS”, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 51, 285-291, 1998.
[72] L. B. Luo, L. M. Chen, M. L. Zhang, Z. B. He, W. F. Zhang, G. D. Yuan, W. J. Zhang, and S. T. Lee, “Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering from Uniform Gold and Silver Nanoparticle-Coated Substrates”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, 9191-9196, 2009.
[73] C. W. Chang, J. D. Liao, Y. Y. Lin, and C. C. Weng, “Detecting very small quantity of molecular probes in solution using nano-mechanically made Au-cavitiesarray with SERS-active effect”, Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, Vol. 153, 271-276, 2011.
[74] N. J. Kim, “Physical origins of chemical enhancement of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on a gold nanoparticle-coated polymer”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, 13979-13984, 2010.
[75] N. Ohta and I. Yagi, “In situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopic study of pyridine adsorbed on gold electrode surfaces comprised of plasmonic crystal structures”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112, 17603-17610, 2008.
[76] C. Chen, J. A. Hutchison, P. V. Dorpe, R. Kox, I. D. Vlaminck, H. Uji, J. Hofkens, L. Lagae, G. Maes, and G. Borghs, “Focusing plasmons in nanoslits for surface-enhanced Raman scattering”, Small, Vol. 5, 2876-2882, 2009.
[77] T. A. Kelf, Y. Sugawara, R. M. Cole, and J. J. Baumberg, “Localized and delocalized plasmons in metallic nanovoids”, Physical Review B, Vol. 74, 245415-245418, 2006.
[78] N. M. B. Perney, J. J. Baumberg, M. E. Zoorob, M. D. B. Charlton, S. Mahnkopf, and C. M. Netti, “Tuning localized plasmons in nanostructured substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering”, Optics Express, Vol. 14, 847-857, 2006.
[79] K. C. Vernon, T. J. Davis, F. H. Scholes, D. E. G´omez, and D. Lau, “Physical mechanisms behind the SERS enhancement of pyramidal pit substrates”, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 41, 1106-1111, 2010.
[80] N. M. B. Perney, F. J. G. d. Abajo, J. J. Baumberg, A. Tang, M. C. Netti, M. D. B. Charlton and, M. E. Zoorob, “Tuning localized plasmon cavities for optimized surface-enhanced Raman scattering”, Physical Review B, Vol. 76, 035426-035431, 2007.
[81] M. Everts, V. Saini, J. L. Leddon, R. J. Kok, M. Stoff-Khalili, M. A. Preuss, C. L. Millican, G. Perkins, J. M. Brown, H. Bagaria, D. E. Nikles, D. T. Johnson, V. P. Zharov, and D. T. Curiel, “Covalently linked Au nanoparticles to a viral vector: potential for combined photothermal and gene cancer therapy”, Nano Letters, Vol. 6, 587-591, 2006.
[82] S. Vaibhav, M. Dmitri, M. Sergei, P. Alex, P. Guy, E. Mark, T. Victoria, W. Hongju, P. Larisa, B. Anton, C. David, and E. Mike, “An adenoviral platform for selective self-assembly and targeted delivery of nanoparticles”, Small, Vol. 4, 262-269, 2008.
[83] Y. C. Cao, R. Jin, and C. A. Mirkin, “Nanoparticles with Raman spectroscopic fingerprints for DNA and RNA detection”, Science, Vol. 297, 1536-1540, 2002.
[84] N. L. Rosi and C. A. Mirkin, “Nanostructures in biodiagnostics”, Chemical Reviews, Vol. 105, 1547-1562, 2005.
[85] J. D. Driskell, K. M. Kwarta, R. J. Lipert, M. D. Porter, J. D. Neill, and J. F. Ridpath, “Low-level detection of viral pathogens by a surface-enhanced Raman scattering based immunoassay”, Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 77, 6147-6154, 2005.
[86] S. Shanmukh, L. Jones, Y. P. Zhao, J. Driskell, R. Tripp, and R. Dluhy, “Identification and classification of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical techniques”, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 390, 1551-1555, 2008.
[87] S. Abdali, B. D. Laere, M. Poulsen, M. Grigorian, E. Lukanidin, and J. Klingelhofer, “Toward methodology for detection of cancer-promoting S100A4 protein conformations in subnanomolar concentrations using Raman and SERS”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, 7274-7279, 2010.
[88] C. W. Chang, J. D. Liao, A. L. Shiau, and C. K. Yao, "Non-labeled virus detection using inverted triangular Au nano-cavities arrayed as SERS-active substrate," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 156, 471-478, 2011.
[89] X. X. Han, L. Chen, J. Guo, B. Zhao, and Y. Ozaki, “Coomassie brilliant dyes as surface-enhanced Raman scattering probes for protein-ligand recognitions”, Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 82, 4102-4106, 2010.
[90] S. Lal, N. K.Grady, J. Kundu, C. S. Levin, J. B. Lassiter, and N. J. Halas, “Tailoring plasmonic substrates for surface enhanced spectroscopies”, Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 37, 898-911, 2008.
[91] C. W. Chang, J. D. Liao, H. C. Chang, L. K. Lin, Y. Y. Lin, and C. C. Weng, "Fabrication of nano-indented cavities on Au for the detection of chemically-adsorbed DTNB molecular probes through SERS effect," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 358, 384-391, 2011.
[92] X. X. Han, H. Y. Jia, Y. F. Wang, Z. C. Lu, C. X. Wang, W. Q. Xu, B. Zhao, and Y. Ozaki, “Analytical technique for label-free multi-protein detection based on western blot and surface-enhanced Raman scattering”, Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 80, 2799-2804, 2008.
[93] M. C. Chen and R. C. Lord, “Laser-excited Raman spectroscopy of biomolecules. VIII. conformational study of bovine serum albumin”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 990-992, 1976.
[94] R. J. Jakobsen and F. M. Wasacz, “Infrared spectra-structure correlations and adsorption behavior for helix proteins”, Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 44, 1478-1490, 1990.
[95] A. Meade, F. Lyng, P. Knief, and H. J. Byrne, “Growth substrate induced functional changes elucidated by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy in in-vitro cultured human keratinocytes”, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 387, 1718-1728, 2007.
[96] H. J. Chial, H. B. Thompson, and A. G. Splitterber, “A spectral study of charge forms of Coomassie Blue G”, Analytical BiChemistry, Vol. 209, 258-266, 1993.
[97] R. Dong, X. Yan, X. Pang, and S. Liu, "Temperature-dependent Raman spectra of collagen and DNA ", Spectrochimica Acta Part A, Vol. 60, 557-561, 2004.
[98] M. C. Fletcher, A. Vivoni, M. M. Moore, J. Lui, J. Caldwell, S. M. Prokes, O. Glembocki, and C. M. Hosten, "NIR-FT-SERS of 4"-trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl-4,4'-di-(phenyleneethynylene) benzenethiol on Au nanospheres", Surface Science, Vol. 602, 1614-1621, 2008.
[99] D. K. Jangir, S. K. Dey, S. Kundu, and R. Mehrotra, "Assessment of amsacrine binding with DNA using UV–visible, circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopic techniques", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, Vol. 114, 38-43, 2012.