本研究主要是辨識實施減少國際海運船舶溫室氣體排放策略的效果，研究目的是藉由建構的評估模式，計算減少船舶溫室氣體排放策略，對於船舶營運成本的影響。在評估以海運市場機制為基礎之海洋碳排放權交易與船舶燃油碳稅，以及綠色港口三種減排策略(包括污染控制區、減速區和岸電裝置)，研究結果有三個重要發現，第一、貨櫃船的單位溫室氣體排放(浬公斤/噸)高於同型的散裝船與油輪。第二、實施減少船舶溫室氣體排放的策略，會導致船舶營運成本增加，船舶如果採取降速策略減少排放，藉以降低營運成本所受到的衝擊，只對高速船舶有效。第三、依據策略可行性進行評估，實證發現綠色港口策略對於降低船舶污染排放的效益，較實施碳稅與海洋排放權交易有效。
研究也確認全球性的減少船舶溫室氣體排放策略，可以提供強有力的激勵，迫使船東採取積極的行動，達到進一步改善燃油效能與降低溫室氣體排放。另外徵收燃油碳稅，由於有固定的稅率，可以預估對於船舶營運的影響程度，因此航運產業易於接受徵收燃油碳稅，而較不願意接受排放總量管制和排放權交易策略，其主要原因為限制國際海運服務與船隊的擴充。此外，區域性國家或政府可在沿岸區域，以綠色港口策略作為首要規劃，推動減少船舶溫室氣體排放，藉以確保海運產業的永續發展。

This study sought to determine the effectiveness of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as a means to curb air pollution produced by shipping and reveal the impact of such environmental policies on shipping costs. We examined market-based policies associated with the maritime emissions trading scheme (METS) as well as carbon tax, and green port policy (including emissions control areas, reduced speed zones, and alternative maritime power). Our results are as follows. First, the unit emission (kilogram-miles per ton) of container ships is higher than that of bulk carriers and tankers. Second, policies aimed at reducing GHGs increase shipping costs and only fast vessels actually benefit from a reduction in speeds. Third, green port policies are more effective than carbon tax and METS with regard to reducing emissions.
We also determined that implementing GHG reduction at a global level provides a strong incentive for ship owners to take affirmative action to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Carbon tax appears preferable to METS, due to its provision of price certainty through established rates of taxation. We believe that the shipping industry would respond more favorably to a carbon tax on fuel rather than emissions cap-and-trade schemes, which hinder the development of international sea transport services and the expansion of fleets. Moreover, green port policies reduce the emissions of ships in coastal areas and should therefore be pursued by regional and local governments as a first step in the formulation of strategies to ensure the sustainability of international shipping.

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