本研究聚焦於臺灣阿里山地區原住民族──鄒族──中的特富野社群，探討其社會複雜化與聚落階層化的發展過程。本文採用民族考古學、歷史文獻分析與空間研究等方法，深入分析社會不平等、空間階序與象徵性權威如何在特富野社群中被建立、維繫並隨時間轉變。本研究質疑人類社會分類的普遍性與適用性，主張原住民族社會往往展現出階層與平等並存、靈活轉換的動態社會實踐。藉由對聚落形式、儀式空間與氏族動態的具體分析，本文揭示了特富野社群社會複雜性的獨特脈絡，並為認識南島語系社會的多樣發展路徑提供實證案例。
研究背景與動機
社會複雜化的形成過程是考古學中一項關鍵議題，部分理論以階段性的模式來描述人類社會由平等小型群體逐步演化至集權國家。然而，近年來多項民族誌與考古資料顯示，實際社會發展往往非線性，且展現出高度地方性與文化多樣性。鄒族特富野社群即為此一現象的典型案例，其聚落表面上具備階層結構，實則內部仍保有強烈的平等精神與動態地位流動。
研究方法
本研究結合田野民族考古調查、歷史文獻（如荷蘭東印度公司、清代地方志、日治時期相關調查）與空間分析技術，重構特富野社群的聚落形成與社會結構。透過對神聖空間（如男子會所Kuba、氏族家屋Monopeisia）與聚落佈局的分析，結合對於酋邦與社會複雜化理論的批判性閱讀，建構出一套能貼近原住民族歷史脈絡的分析架構。
研究成果與討論
研究結果指出，特富野社群展現出明確的階序性，以大社為核心，小社為附屬，形成具權力中心的社會網絡。聚落內部空間分佈呈現出社會地位的差異，如神聖建築的配置、儀式空間的層級，皆反映出階層與權力的具體化。個體與氏族地位除了世襲制度，也受戰爭表現、獵首能力與儀式參與等因素所影響，顯示出一定程度的社會流動與權力協商。
更重要的是，該社會結構並非靜態的等級制，而是平等與階層在不同社會層面間交錯運作，呈現出複雜而動態的社會型態，挑戰了「從部落到國家」的單一路徑演化模型。
結論
本研究重申了反思西方主流社會複雜化理論在原住民族脈絡下適用性的必要性。特富野社群提供了一個兼具階序與平等、制度與象徵之動態轉化的具體案例，有助於補充與修正現有考古學理論框架。透過本研究，亦得以進一步推進南島考古理論的在地建構，強調多元、動態與地方性的社會複雜化路徑。

This dissertation investigates the processes of social complexity and settlement hierarchy in the Tsou community of Tfuya, an indigenous group in Taiwan. While previous research on social complexity in East and Southeast Asia has often relied heavily on archaeological materials to infer social organization, this study takes a different approach by placing ethnographic records at the center of analysis. In particular, the research emphasizes that conventional archaeological interpretations, which frequently equate large settlement size with regional political or ritual centrality through the lens of site size hierarchy, may oversimplify the lived realities of indigenous communities. By employing the Tsou case, the study demonstrates that settlement size alone cannot adequately capture the dynamics of social inequality, ritual authority, or community integration. Instead, power relations and social differentiation are expressed and reproduced through ritual practices, symbolic resources, and clan-based organization, which sometimes contrast with the expectations derived from site size hierarchies.

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