奈米顆粒和表面增強拉曼散射(Surfaced-Enhancement Raman Scattering；SERS) 已在多個領域得到廣泛研究，包括細菌、農藥、人體代謝物甚至SARS-CoV-2的檢測。其中，表現出強烈SERS訊號增強的銀奈米顆粒也獲得了廣泛的討論和研究。然而，同時具有高穩定性和固有SERS訊號的銀奈米顆粒的合成在研究中受到的關注相對較少。在本項研究中，我們透過鄰-硝基苯基-β-吡喃半乳糖苷(ONPG) 與銀離子發生共還原反應並在顆粒表面進行原位聚合，合成了含聚苯胺及半乳糖結構的銀聚集結構奈米顆粒(Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs)。此外，聚(苯乙烯-馬來酸)鈉鹽溶液(PSMA)作為反應終止劑，防止Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs被還原劑過度還原，並且作為保護層覆蓋在奈米顆粒的表面。Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs自身帶有聚苯胺相關的SERS訊號，並表現出卓越的穩定性以及增強分析物SERS訊號的能力。此外，Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs 表現出極佳的生物相容性，特別是在細菌相容性方面。隨後，我們利用Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs對H2O2的SERS訊號響應以及正常細胞和癌細胞之間 H2O2濃度的差異，透過量化SERS訊號強度和SERS mapping的差異進行正常細胞和癌細胞的區分。

Nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) have been extensively investigated in diverse fields, including the detection of bacteria, pesticides, human metabolites, and even SARS-CoV-2. Among these, silver nanoparticles exhibiting strong SERS enhancement have been extensively researched. However, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with both high stability and intrinsic SERS signal has received comparatively less attention in investigations. In this work, we synthesized polyaniline-containing galactosylated Ag aggregation-structure nanoparticles (Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs) via an in-situ reduction and polymerization of ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranoside assisted by Ag nucleation. Moreover, poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) sodium salt solution (PSMA) is incorporated as a reaction terminator to prevent excessive reduction of the Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs, and it also acts as a protective layer and covers the surface of the nanoparticles. The Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs have intrinsic polyaniline-based SERS signal and exhibit exceptional stability and a significant enhancement of the SERS signal for the analyte. Furthermore, the Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs demonstrate exceptional biocompatibility, particularly in terms of their significantly higher bacterial compatibility. Subsequently, we utilized the SERS signal response of Ag@PGlyco-PSMA ANPs to H2O2 and the disparity in H2O2 concentration between normal cells and cancer cells. By quantifying the extent of decrease in SERS intensity and difference of SERS mapping, we can make a distinction between normal cells and cancer cells.

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