近年臺灣軌道運輸意外事故層出不窮，突顯「安全改革」刻不容緩；然資源有限，應找出系統脆弱處對症下藥。本研究旨在探討並找尋臺鐵「脆弱度（Vulnerability）」---系統抵抗內外潛在風險衝擊並汲取經驗調適自身的能力---之指標；透過脆弱度與回復力（Resilience）一體兩面、觀念相近的特性，藉回復力「4R1A」模型為基礎，發展囊括穩健性、備援性、資源性、效率性、調適性、外部威脅六面向的「4R1A+T」模型來檢視脆弱度。以臺鐵從業人員視角為出發點，考量其組織複雜度並涉及專業職務，選以多向度Rasch模式設計並分析問卷，以求從業人員認知的系統脆弱之處並發展一套可用於檢驗並防範「發生機率極低，後果嚴重」事故於未然之指標。分析結果顯示受多數臺鐵人員認知並高度關注的指標多與政策與規章箝制有所關聯；而認知困難度較高、系統較脆弱之處多與事故經驗學習、安全意識養成及硬體妥善有關。受試者能力值的分佈趨勢更反映至今臺鐵發展出重視事故排除的脆弱度特質；對脆弱度指標的認知主要受業務內容、實務經驗積累、企業文化與勞動環境影響，以受試者年齡、平行單位間的差異、擔任行車與維修人員與否、主管職位的垂直差異、工作成就感五項最具差異顯著性。面向間關聯性的分析結果顯示意外事故發生前、中、後各階段，面向間存在高度正相關，補足現有文獻研究範圍、時序未連貫的狀況；同時亦確認辨識外部威脅有助於擴充對應的情境與威脅來源，使系統自身更加完善，證明本研究模型之適用性與必要性，填補現有脆弱度文獻、模型的斷層與空白之處。

Safety is the top priority of railway transportation. Considering frequent occurrence of severe railway transportation accidents in Taiwan in recent years, concentrating limited resource to cope with vulnerability --- the ability of a system to shield itself from exterior threats, to cope with interior inequalities, to learn and thrive from accidents --- issues of railway transportation systems is essential. The study aims to search of “vulnerability indexes”--- recognition deviations and differences of vulnerability among employees of Taiwan Railways Administration, to prevent events with low possibilities of occurrence but severe consequences. Due to debates on universal model of vulnerability exist, while recent studies indicate concept resemblance with resilience; the study introduces a new “4R1A+T” model with phases of Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, Rapidity, Adaptability, and Threat, based on the widely utilized “4R1A” resilience model. Considering complicated expertise and attributes among TRA employees, multidimensional Rasch model is applied on the model-based questionnaire. Surveys on personal attributes, vocational experience, and psychologic performances are performed. Results show indexes related to policies and legislative restrictions are widely focused throughout TRA employees. Apparent differences on abilities of vulnerability recognition are emphasized among attributes of contestant age, departments, vocational duties, manager positions, and sense of achievements through empirical analysis with Rasch model and ANOVA; while these differences may originate from interior inequalities of profession, vocational experience, corporate culture, and labor environments. Suggestions on polices on the content of TRA corporatization schedule are given from these results. Positive correlations between Threat and 4R1A phases indicates identifying potential exterior hazards brings positive contribution to other phases, enhancing the bond of vulnerability. Reliability statistics indicate the model is suitable on performing attributes of TRA and could be inspecting railway transportation systems universally.

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