背景與目的：發展性協調障礙為一種神經發展障礙，特徵為粗大動作和/或精細動作技巧缺失。在台灣發展性協調障礙在7到10歲的盛行率約為12%~20.6%，這些缺損會影響到他們的日常生活和學校生活表現，可能會造成低體能活動量和不良體適能。不良體適能會造成健康相關問題，包括：過重、肥胖、與不良心肺呼吸問題，對未來的身心健康影響深遠。因此，本研究的目的為評估並比較學齡階段發展性協調障礙孩童和一般發展孩童之體適能和體能活動是否有所差異，以作為體能發展與治療之依據。
研究方法：本研究從台南2所國民小學徵召20位發展性協調障礙孩童和20位一般發展孩童。孩童接受身體組成、心肺呼吸適能、柔軟度和肌耐力等體適能項目之量測與體能活動之評估。體能活動藉由身體活動問卷量表評估。使用獨立樣本t檢定分析人口數據資料、體適能和體能活動量的差異；卡方檢定分析性別和體重分類，統計值小於0.05達統計差異。
結果：身體組成的結果，發展性協調障礙孩童之身高體重指數和過重及肥胖比例皆高於一般發展孩童；在心肺呼吸適能，發展性協調障礙孩童相較於一般發展孩童有較低的耗氧量，但以第一秒用力呼氣量和用力呼氣肺活量代表肺功能並無差異；以坐姿前彎測試評估柔軟度，兩組孩童並無差異；發展性協調障礙組別在所有肌耐力項目皆表現比一般發展組別差，但在體能活動量並沒有組別差異。
結論：本研究證實發展性協調障礙孩童相較於一般發展孩童有較差的體適能，但在體能活動並未顯示差異。本研究結果建議，我們需要更加關注發展性協調障礙孩童的動作表現和健康相關問題。

Background and Purpose: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized with motor skill deficits in gross motor and/or fine motor. The prevalence rate of DCD was estimated to be 12%~20.6% between the ages of seven to ten years old in Taiwan. The impairment of DCD will affect their activities of daily life, and academic/school performance. Furthermore, the influence of deficits will lead to low level of physical activity, then poor physical fitness. Poor physical fitness will cause several health-related problems including, overweight, obesity, poor cardiorespiratory problems, low self-esteem and anxiety. The purposes of the study were to examine the physical fitness and physical activity at the school-age children and to compare differences in children with DCD and children with typical development (TD).
Methods: Twenty children with DCD and Twenty children with TD were recruited from two elementary schools in Tainan. Children were assessed the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility and muscle strength and endurance. Physical activity was also evaluated with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). The differences of demographic data, physical fitness and physical activity were analyzed with Independent t-test. The gender and body weight category were analyzed with Chi-square test. The statistical significance level was set at the p < 0.05.
Results: The results of body composition presented that children with DCD had higher BMI and higher percentage of overweight and obesity as compared with children with TD. In cardiorespiratory fitness, children with DCD exhibited lower VO2max than children with TD, but no differences in pulmonary function in FEV1 and FVC. Children with DCD showed the similar results in flexibility in sit and reach test. All the subtests of muscle strength and endurance presented poorer performance in DCD group than TD group. There were no differences of physical activity between groups.
Conclusion: The study contributes to confirm that DCD have poorer physical fitness than TD children, but presented no differences of physical activity than TD children. The results of the study suggest that we need to pay attention to the motor performance and health-related problems of children with DCD.

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