本論文首先在半量子環境中提出了「非對稱」的概念，即：古典參與者具有不同的量子能力組合。利用單光子的量子特性，本論文設計了三個非對稱的半量子安全協定。首先，我們提出了一個三方的非對稱半量子金鑰分配協定，藉由一位不誠實第三方的幫助，使兩個僅具備基本且非對稱量子能力的「古典」參與者安全地分享私密金鑰。本論文接著提出一個改良版的三方的非對稱半量子金鑰分配協定，能夠進一步降低其中一位「古典」參與者的量子能力。此外，我們也提出了第一個非對稱半量子私密分享協定，讓私密分享者(boss)能夠將私密金鑰安全的拆分給兩位「古典」成員(agents)。

This thesis proposes Asymmetric semi-quantum secure communications allowing two classical participants with different quantum capabilities to perform quantum security protocols. By using the properties of the single photons, three asymmetric semi-quantum protocols have been proposed here. The first one is a mediated asymmetric semi-quantum key distribution (MASQKD) protocol, which allows two participants to share a secret key under the help of a dishonest third party. Then, an improved MASQKD protocol is proposed in which the quantum capabilities of one participant are further reduced. Furthermore, an asymmetric semi-quantum secret sharing (ASQSS) protocol is presented, that allows a boss’s master secret key to be shared to two agents.

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