目的：過去以渴求強度或頻率預測毒品再用的研究結果不一致，其中未考慮毒品使用種類在渴求不同向度，對毒品再用有不同的預測力，和毒品使用種類與拒用自我效能可能會調節渴求與再用間的關係。是故，研究試圖驗證：一、比較不同渴求面向對吸毒病犯之戒治次數的預測力；二、驗證多重用藥和拒用自我效能是否調節渴求與再用間的關係。
方法：採用前瞻性橫斷法研究設計。2003年6月~ 12月間，對台南和屏東戒治所男性吸食海洛因與安非他命戒治人共218人為樣本進行施測。以基本資料表蒐集受試者本次毒品使用種類和過去戒治次數，以渴求量表測量：渴求的強度、頻率，與物質使用線索誘發的渴求，以自我效能測量：渴求出現時是否能拒用毒品之自我效能。以多元回歸分析對一年內再犯有無進行預測。
結果：由相關分析可知，多重用藥者與渴求強度、頻率、出現物質使用線索時的渴求強度均顯著正相關，而單純安非他命者與單純海洛因使用者則與渴求強度、頻率、出現物質使用線索時的渴求強度無顯著相關。由多元迴歸分析可知，多重用藥行為未能預測受試者出所後一年內毒品再犯的有無，渴求強度、頻率未能預測受試者出所後一年內毒品再犯的有無，物質使用線索誘發的渴求強度可預測受試者出所後一年內毒品再犯的有無，而渴求出現時的拒用自我效能與多重用藥行為間具有交互作用，進一步分析顯示，同時使用安非他命和海洛因者，高的拒用自我效能者，出所一年內較不易毒品再犯。而低的拒用自我效能者，不論使用毒品的種類，在經驗到強的物質使用線索誘發渴求時，亦會再度用藥。
結論：物質使用線索誘發的渴求，而非渴求的強度和頻率，能夠預測吸毒病犯人出所後一年內再犯，而多重藥物使用者且拒用自我效能較高者，出所後一年較不易再犯毒品罪。低的拒用自我效能者，在經驗到強的物質使用線索誘發渴求時，亦會再度用藥

Objectives: Previous studies didn’t consistently supported that craving intensity would relate to drug reuse. And many studies suggest that refusal self-efficacy would relate to craving. This study was designed to examine how different craving dimensions, refusal self-efficacy predict the abstention records among heroin-use offenders.
Method: A cross-section study design was conducted in a sample of 386 male heroin-users in Tainan and Pingtung drug abstention and treatment centers. The subjects had to finish the demography questionnaire, craving scale, and self-efficacy list for drug use (SELD). Craving scale was used to assess craving intensity, frequency, and craving for drug-related stimulus, and four items from SELD were used to measure refusal self-efficacy when craving. Researches hypothesis that craving for drug-related stimulus and refusal self-efficacy when craving could predict the heroin-use offenders’ abstention records. Multiple hierarchical regressions were put to exam this hypothesis.
Result: Craving for drug-related stimulus and refusal self-efficacy when craving could separate directly predict the heroin-use offenders’ abstention records. And craving intensity and frequency couldn’t predict the heroin-use offenders’ abstention records.
Conclusion: The predictive power of different craving dimensions is significant difference. And craving for drug-related stimulus, instead of craving intensity and frequency, could predict the heroin-use offenders’ abstention records directly.

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