本研究報告了在氟摻雜氧化錫基板上製備 p-Ag3PO4-n-BaTiO3 異質結薄膜。由於 BaTiO3 的高壓電響應和 Ag3PO4 的窄的能隙，它們的接合有利於在壓電光電化學 (PPEC) 水分解中的應用。
分別使用兩階段水熱法和浸漬沉積法合成了單獨的 BaTiO3 奈米棒陣列和 Ag3PO4 奈米顆粒形貌的薄膜。使用浸漬沉積法在獲得的 BaTiO3 納米棒陣列上形成不同數量的 Ag3PO4 納米顆粒以形成異質接面薄膜。
X射線衍射和掃描電子顯微鏡分別用於確定樣品的相、結晶度和形態。 X射線光電子能譜用於研究樣品的元素組成、化學計量、化學狀態和表面污染。紫外-可見光譜用於測量樣品的光學性質。紫外光電子能譜儀用於檢查樣品的功函數和價帶最大值。壓電力顯微鏡用於確定樣品的壓電常數。通過線性掃描伏安法 (LSV)、莫特-肖特基分析、開路電位 (OCP) 測量和電化學阻抗譜 (EIS) 評估樣品的光電化學性能。
通過奈奎斯特圖的 EIS 測量表明，Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 複合材料在光照下的電荷轉移電阻明顯低於 Ag3PO4 和 BaTiO3 複合材料的電荷轉移電阻。 OCP 測量分別表明了 BaTiO3 、Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 複合材料和 Ag3PO4 在光照下的 n 型和 p 型特性。結果與 Mott-Schottky 結果一致。通過施加一塊玻璃（約 0.675 g）和超聲處理（158 mW，40 kHz）的負載來檢查 PPEC 水分解。 LSV 結果表明，Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 複合材料的性能優於單獨的 Ag3PO4 或 BaTiO3。 Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 複合材料在應力下的最大施加偏置光電流效率在 0.6 V 時約為 0.60%。複合材料表現出的壓電光電流 (~0.95 mA/cm2) 在 0.6 V 的循環研究中穩定可靠，意味著電子-空穴對的低複合。我們的結果表明 Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 複合材料在 PPEC 水分解方面有巨大的前景。

This study reports the fabrication of p-Ag3PO4-n-BaTiO3 heterojunction films on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates. Because of high piezoelectric response of BaTiO3 and a narrow band gap of Ag3PO4, their coupling is favorable for application in piezophotoelectrochemical (PPEC) water splitting.
The individual BaTiO3 nanorod array and Ag3PO4 nanoparticle films were synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal and an impregnating deposition process, respectively. Various amounts of the Ag3PO4 nanoparticles were decorated on the obtained BaTiO3 nanorod arrays to form the heterojunction films using the impregnating deposition process.
X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the phases and crystallinity and morphology of the samples, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the elemental compositions, stoichiometry, chemical states, and surface contaminations of the samples. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was employed to determine the optical properties. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy was utilized to examine the work functions and valence band maximum of the samples. Piezoelectric force microscopy was employed to determine the piezoelectric constant of the samples. Photoelectrochemical performance of the samples was evaluated through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Mott-Schottky analysis, open-circuit potential (OCP) measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
The EIS measurement through Nyquist plots indicated that substantially lower charge transfer resistance for the Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 composite than that of the Ag3PO4 and BaTiO3 under illumination. The OCP measurement indicated n-type and p-type characteristics for the BaTiO3 and Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 composite and for the Ag3PO4 under illumination, respectively. The results are consistent with the Mott-Schottky results. The PPEC water splitting was examined by applying a load of a piece of glass (approximately 0.675 g) and ultrasonication (158 mW, 40 kHz). The LSV results revealed that the Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 composite outperformed either the individual Ag3PO4 or BaTiO3. The maximum applied bias photo-to-current efficiency for the Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 composite under stress was approximately 0.60 % at 0.6 V. The piezophotocurrent (~0.95 mA/cm2) exhibited by the composite was stable and reliable in the cycling study at 0.6 V, implying the low recombination of electron-hole pairs. Our results indicate the great promise of the Ag3PO4-BaTiO3 composite for PPEC water splitting.

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