摘要

安全管理系統（SMS）近年來逐漸被國際民航組織ICAO、國際民航運輸協會IATA及世界各飛航先進國家所重視，且認為是未來想要更進一步降低，實施上已經是日漸平緩的平均失事率的最有效方法。
安全管理系統（SMS）是將以往各種經過檢驗、有效的飛安管理作法加以整合運用。運用各系統的優點來彌補另外系統不足之處，例如飛航數據類（FOQA、FODAS、LOMS、FDA等），駕駛艙查核類（LOSA、LOAS、CRM等），主動報告類（ASRA、ASAP、CRS等），而這些做法的成功根基，都在於建立非處罰（Non-punitive）的政策及模糊化（De-identification）的作業能否完整建立；惟有完整而正確的了解所有與飛安事件相關的因素之後，才能制定有效的飛安管理作為，使飛行安全得以確保。
如何從以往被動式（Reactive）的事件調查，過渡到主動式（Proactive）的防患未然，需要民航主管機關、航空公司、航空從業人員共同的努力與合作。近乎完美的飛安紀錄非一朝一夕可成，卻可能因為一個小疏失而造成不可挽回，令許多家庭破碎的後果。
以美國FAA為例，FAA目前正著力於將過往之查核方式，也就是抽檢受其監理的單位，是否合於法規要求（Compliance with technical standards）之作法；逐漸轉換成為系統化的方式（System Approach）。近年來隨著航空業成長迅速，而政府組織的資源卻日益減少，逐漸產生無法負擔過往巨細無遺的查核作業所需的巨大人力需求，及繁複查核程序所消耗的政府資源。未來雖然傳統的抽檢查核方式將仍會適度保留，但飛安監理的主要方式將會轉變為系統化管理，尤其是建立航空業者的完整自我安全管理能力。另外本研究僅針對安全管理系統（SMS）的航務操作部份，有關航管ATC及機場部份，限於篇幅及專長，並未納入研究範圍中。

Abstract

This research is focused on the so-called Safety Management System (hereinafter referred to as SMS). The concept of SMS has been taken more and more attention these years by both the international aviation entities, such as the ICAO、IATA, and by some countries that are prominent in aviation industry, such as the United States, UK, EU, Canada, Australia. Also SMS has been deemed as the most efficient tool for reducing the average accident rate that has smoothened significantly in recent years.
Basically SMS is neither a new concept nor a new technology. But instead, it is essentially the integrated implementation, when through systematic sieving, of various aviation-safety-management methods that come in diverse forms. Thus weakness of one method, for instance, the methods for the flight data collection (FOQA, FODAS, LOMS, FDA, etc), the methods for cockpit surveillance (LOSA, LOAS, CRM, etc) and the mechanisms for proactive report (ASRA, ASAP, CRS etc), can be compensated by its relevant counterparts, when deemed adequate. However, it must be emphasized that the prerequisite for successful implementation of SMS is that both the concepts of “no-punitive” and “de-identification” be well established and introduced. In addition, flight safety can only be enhanced when a complete and precise understanding of all the factors that relate to or have impact on safety incidents, and based on this, the definition of effective measures in aviation management, is all well located.
Furthering that, for sake of transition from the traditional “passive reaction mode” to the so-called “proactive preventive action mode”, the conscientious devotion and trustworthy cooperation among aviation authority, airlines and their employees will be very crucial. One should also keep in mind that a perfect safety statistics, though stems from the time-consuming hard-working, may be meaningless in case an minor inadvertent error leads to catastrophic accident and the consequential broken families.
A final footnote, owing to the time constraint, this research will only survey SMS from the perspective of flight operation. Other parts of SMS, such as traffic control and airport management, may be covered in further study.

參考文獻

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