1980年代起，國際間不斷爆發數起金融危機、公司治理失敗或內部控制失靈等重大事件，各個國家也為此付出慘痛的代價，「風險管理」一詞也成為全球矚目的焦點。有鑑於此，國際清算銀行（the Bank of International Settlements; BIS）於1988年所發布的巴塞爾資本協定（1988 BIS Accord）、經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD）於1999年提出「OECD公司治理原則」或是COSO（Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission）分別於1992與2004年陸續發布「內部控制－整合架構」及「企業風險管理－整合架構」，以建立國際通用原則或架構，協助金融產業或一般企業達成自行建立一套有效的內部控制與風險管理制度，使公司的經營風險（Business risk）或策略風險（Strategic risk）能夠追隨風險胃納（Risk appetite），以確保公司永續經營發展。

近年來，雖然臺灣的金融監理機關陸續引進國際相關金融制度與規範，並於2001年起接續完成各項金融法案的修定與鬆綁，以及金融監理制度的革新，促使我國金融產業的發展，得以與國際接軌。但由於我國特殊的政經體制，導致金融詐欺、資產掏空、內線交易或經營失敗等事件層出不窮。因此本研究之主有目的在於：第一、瞭解我國銀行業與保險業之企業風險管理實施現況；第二、探索公司特徵變數與企業風險管理實施成效之關係；第三、探討企業風險管理與財務績效之關係等相關重要議題。本研究透過寄發問卷給我國銀行與保險機構之總稽核，並參閱各公司年報之重要財務指標數據，完成本研究重要資料的收集；同時採用敘述性與推論性的統計方法，以達成本研究之目的。

本研究結果發現：（1）我國銀行業與保險業在制定策略目標時，大都會考量到公司策略風險是否追隨風險胃納；（2）內部稽核人員的職權、獨立性以及在確保風險管理有效性的貢獻，大都受到董事會的重視與肯定；（3）我國銀行業與保險業之舞弊揭發管道與檢舉人保護機制運作不佳；（4）我國銀行業與保險業間；金控公司之子公司與非金控公司間，在企業風險管理實施成效之表現上，並未發現統計上的顯著差異；（5）內部環境越健全的公司，企業風險管理實施成效表現越佳；（6）銀行業之企業風險管理活動中，「目標設定與風險承擔的一致性」、「風險辨認成效」、「資訊系統控制成效」、以及「資本適足率」皆與財務指標「資產報酬率」與「淨值報酬率」成正相關；（7）保險業之企業風險管理活動中，「企業風險文化的強度」、「風險回應機制的實施成效」、「風險導向的內、外部稽核」、「資金運用收益率」、「流動比率」皆與財務指標「資產報酬率」成正相關。

Since 1980s, a series of remarkable events, such as international financial crises, the failure of the corporate governance, or the malfunction of internal control have broken out repeatedly all over the world, which caused a great many countries to suffer badly a colossal of financial losses. Thus, the words “Risk Management” turn out to be in the international spotlight. Afterwards, BIS （the Bank of international Settlements）released the 1988 BIS Accord , OECD（Organization for Economics Cooperation and Development）published the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance by 1999, or COSO（Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission）issued 1992 Internal Control－Integrated Framework and 2004 Enterprise Risk Management－Integrated Framework respectively for the main purpose of setting international risk-based principles, standards, or theoretical frameworks to help financial institutions and other private companies successfully establish a set of effective internal control system and risk management mechanism to control over business risk or strategic risk aligning with firm’s risk appetite to assure firm’s everlasting development.

Recently Taiwanese financial supervisory agency have been introducing a number of international systems and regulations related to financial supervision, having , since 2001, enacted or lifted kinds of new financial bills or bans on financial business, and has renovated our financial supervisory system in order to prompt the financial industry in Taiwan to have solid and sound development and to keep up with international trends. Unfortunately, there were still many scandals, such as financial fraud, asset embezzlement, inside trading or company liquidation, happening over and again. Hence, the main purposes of my research will focus on some such issues as: (1) understanding the latest status of enterprise risk management implemented by Taiwanese banking and insurance sectors, (2) discussing the associations between the firm’s characteristic variables and the effectiveness of enterprise risk management, (3) and exploring the links between enterprise risk management and financial performance. To achieve those purposes mentioned above, the study makes good use of questionnaires and registers ones to each chief internal auditor of all Taiwanese banking and insurance institutions to fill it out for the first-hand data collection, along with referring to financial indices in company’s annual report, and then analyzes those data with descriptive and inferring statistical methods.

The study evidently suggests: (1) when making strategic goals, most of the banking and insurance institutions take into account whether strategic risk does align with risk appetite. (2) Internal auditor’s authority, independence and contributions to the effectiveness of risk management system has been thought much of and recognized by company’s Board. (3) The illegality-exposing channel and the protective mechanism for whistling blower have functioned badly and ineffectively. (4) Neither the groups between banking and insurance nor the ones between financial holding companies and non-financial holding ones do statistically differ in the performance of enterprise risk management. (5) The more sound the company’s internal environment, the much better the performance in risk management. (6) Among all risk management activities of banking, “Consistence between objectives setting and risk bearing”, “Effectiveness of risk identification”, “Effectiveness of information system control”, and “Capital adequacy rate” are all positively associated with financial indices “Return of asset” and “Return of net value”. (7) Among all risk management activities of insurance, “Intensity of enterprise risk culture”, “Implementing effectiveness of risk response mechanism”, “Risk-based internal & external auditing”, “Net earning ratio of fund utilization”, and “Rate of liquidity”, are all positively linked with “Return of asset”.

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