本研究為合成各式孔洞材料並發展其運用，共分成三個部分：第一部分是以ZnO為模板並加入動物明膠gelatin以及酚甲醛樹酯PF4161藉由共沉澱法合成高表面積的含氮孔洞碳材(nitrogen-doped porous carbon material)，BET表面積約1300 m2g-1，經過微波加熱後N/C ratio約3.6 %，在以LiClO4/PC為電解液的組裝二極式電容器中有良好的電容保留率約65%，比能量密度約為14.8 Wh/kg；另外，將Pt以甲醇還原成奈米粒子分散至此種碳材表面，Pt/N-PC在擔載量8 wt.%Pt時電流已經超越商用觸媒E-TEK。第二部分是合成孔洞TiO2 NPs/CNT材料，利用檸檬酸鈦作為前驅物，可在水相中藉由調整pH值使得二氧化鈦以奈米粒子的方式分散於碳管表面，並能藉由實驗參數控制組成、分散性以及結晶度，TiO2 NPs/CNT作為光觸媒以直接照射太陽光降解高濃度Methylene Blue具有良好的效果；作為鋰電池負極材料則在50 C放電速率時可保持相當好的電容再現性。第三部分是研究以模板法合成孔洞金屬氧化物空心球材料，藉由控制碳空心球模板的大小，來合成不同大小的高表面積氧化鋁、二氧化鋯及二氧化鈦，其BET表面積分別約為180、140、70 m2g-1，將這些孔洞材料作為填充物與液晶混合封裝成metal oxide hollow sphere/LC能增加顯示器的散射區域，例如以二氧化鈦為填充物所封裝成的顯示器，在未施加電壓時，穿透度為10% (純液晶顯示器未施加電壓時穿透度為90%)；填充物與液晶分子間的折射率匹配程度則是影響了施加飽和電壓後的穿透度。

There are three major topics discussed in this thesis. In the first part, ZnO nanoparticles, which could be removed by hydrochloric acid, were used as templates blending with gelatin and phenol formaldehyde (PF) to synthesize nitrogen-doped porous carbon (N-PC). The charge-discharge characteristics of N-PC based supercapacitor gave a specific energy density 14.8 Wh/kg, and capacitance retention 65%. In addition, we incorporated Pt nanoparticles over N-PC to prepare Pt/N-PC catalyst. The linear sweep voltammetry for oxygen reduction reaction exhibited that 8 wt. % Pt/N-PC had larger current density than that of the commercial Pt/C (20 wt. %). In the second part, a water-soluble titanium citrate was used to prepare TiO2 NPs dispersed on CNTs by using a sol-gel method. The resulted TiO2 NPs/CNTs composites demonstrated a high-performance toward degradation of methylene blue. In the final part, we discussed the forming mechanism of hollow carbon sphere (HCS) by co-precipitation of silicate and PF. Using HCS as hard template, we synthesized different metal oxide hollow spheres such as Al2O3, ZrO2 or TiO2. After hydrophobic silane modification, the metal oxides would be filled with liquid crystals matrixes to create scattering domain. The resulted electro-optical device demonstrated that opaque state with a light transmittance of c.a. 10~40% up to metal oxides. In addition, the refraction index matching between LC and metal oxides would affect transmittance at a saturated applied voltage.

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