消防人員在各種緊急狀況下必須即刻應變，隨時保持良好的體能狀況及健康的身體素質，是平安完成每次的救援任務最基本且核心的職業需求。美國1999年發佈「應徵者身體能力測驗 (Candidate Physical Ability Test, CPAT)」，以限時完成一系列模擬實際消防任務方式作為消防員應徵者體能評估的標準化測驗工具，之後成為各消防部門招聘職業消防員的資格測驗及在職消防員體能維持要求的參考標準。研究目的：分析美國職業消防員以模擬實際救災任務方式的體能測驗與各項體能要素之間的關聯性，作為我國當前推行戰術體能訓練及常年體能測驗項目之差異與執行上的參考。研究方法：使用系統性文獻回顧的研究方法，以關鍵字於文獻資料庫搜尋相關學術期刊、書籍及報告，系統化篩選相關文獻資料，並進行整理與分析。研究結果：從三個學術資料庫中，總共取樣9篇中、英文文獻資料納入分析研究，分以下四項呈現分析結果：1.美國消防任務模擬測驗項目表現與相關聯之消防員體能要素和生理變數；2.主要體能要素的檢測與方法；3.訓練介入方式與運動計畫建議；4.臺灣消防新式體能測驗與消防工作能力測驗關聯性及職業健康影響。結論：美國常見的標準化消防體能測驗工具，要順利完成測驗必須具備多種良好身體能力並滿足高度能量需求，其中絕對最大攝氧量與無氧抗疲勞耐力為完成消防工作模擬任務的關鍵要素，可做為臺灣未來修正或製訂消防人員體能檢測的參考。

Firefighters must be able to respond immediately in diverse emergency situations, maintaining optimal fitness and health as the fundamental requirement for safely completing each rescue mission. In 1999, the United States introduced the "Candidate Physical Ability Test" (CPAT), a standardized assessment tool requiring applicants to complete a series of timed tasks simulating actual firefighting operations. Since then, CPAT has become both a qualifying test for the recruitment of professional firefighters and a reference standard for maintaining the physical readiness of active personnel. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between these task-simulation tests and the various physical fitness elements required for professional firefighters in the United States. The findings aim to serve as a reference for examining the differences and practical implementation of tactical fitness training and annual fitness assessments currently promoted in Taiwan. Methods: The study adopts a literature review approach, utilizing keywords to search for relevant academic journals, books, and reports in literature databases. Relevant literature is systematically screened, organized, and analyzed. Results: A total of nine Chinese and English articles were sampled from three academic databases and included in the analysis. The findings are presented in four key areas: (1) the relationship between performance in U.S. firefighter task simulation tests and associated fitness components and physiological variables; (2) the assessment methods of major fitness components; (3) training interventions and recommended exercise programs; and (4) the correlation between Taiwan’s new firefighter fitness test and occupational task performance, as well as its implications for occupational health. Conclusions: Standardized firefighter fitness assessments commonly used in the United States require multiple physical abilities and substantial energy demands to be successfully completed. Among these, absolute maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and anaerobic fatigue resistance are identified as the critical determinants for accomplishing simulated firefighting tasks. These findings may serve as a valuable reference for the future revision or development of firefighter fitness testing protocols in Taiwan.

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