對於具時效性原物料訂購決策需考量上下游雙方，避免上下游任一方承受單期銷售限制下過了銷售期而導致的訂購部件成本損失或是因為不足部件訂購數量而產生的未能實現獲利，以降低其對於成本及獲利造成的影響，進而謀求雙方獲利最大化。面對未知需求的市場環境下，供應鏈上下游雙方會以自身條件進行評估，個別決定合適訂購數量。但由於上下游雙方受限於取得成本以及本身獲利條件差異，造成上下游訂購數量的落差進而影響獲利。本研究將評估供應鏈上下游條件，首先決定最合適部件訂購量後，於上下游供應鏈進行分析並探討關於部件訂購數量的決策，以求降低上下游雙方因為訂購數量差異而導致的過多訂購成本或是未能實現的利潤損失。於上述情境，本研究將著重於單期內，單一上游模組供應商與單一下游製造廠商之間對於單一部件訂購模式的分析以及相互之間對於訂購數量的決策變化，並於兩階段情境下進行探討。首先分析上游模組供應商依其售價與成本而決定之訂購數量，接著分析下游製造廠商依成本及售價進而評估之訂購數量；並在上下游雙方取得之最適訂購量落差中以策略競局方式分析下游製造廠商與上游模組供應商之間關於合作與非合作關係的決策變化，依據其分析結果提出相對應結論及相對應決策建議，提供後續實務運用及研究參考。

In a Two-Echelon supply chain, both buyer and supplier have their optimal ordering policies respectively based on their own fixed selling price and cost. To minimize the losses caused by unrealized revenue or overaged cost, especially when facing uncertain demand, optimal ordering quantities is even more crucial for both sides. Newsvendor Model is always a useful option when facing uncertain demand, as the probability density function of demand is known and both cost and selling price are fixed, optimal ordering quantity is then to be calculable. Once optimal ordering quantities from both sides are acquired, how to fill the gap caused by optimal quantity difference from both sides is a further obstacle that need to be solved, therefore the relationship between both sides is also a main discussing subject in this study, try to understand the causes behind transitions in a cooperative relationship and non-cooperative relationship. Furthermore, it will be an advantage to know strategies made from both sides, for any subsequent decision could be made to response to the last move taken from the supplier or the buyer.

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