海馬回神經可塑性和相關學習與記憶的能力會因老化而下降；相反的，長期中強度的運動則能有效增加年輕動物海馬回神經可塑性和記憶。最近有研究指出，海馬回的星形膠質細胞-神經元乳酸穿梭（ANLS）對於形成海馬回相關記憶，扮演重要角色。然而，老化和運動是否會影響海馬回ANLS和其在記憶形成中的作用，則仍不清楚。本論文的目的是研究老化和運動對海馬回ANLS和神經可塑性的影響。我們把年輕（3個月）、中年（12個月）和老年（18個月）小鼠進行為期4週的中等強度跑步機訓練後，測量他們的海馬回ANLS蛋白和記憶相關突觸蛋白的表現量。結果顯示，海馬回之glutamine synthetase、connexin-30、monocarboxylate transporter-4這3種蛋白的蛋白表現量，在中年增加，而connexin-43則在老年增加；顯示在中、老年時星狀膠質細胞可能會以代償作用，提昇ANLS系統來維持神經元運作所需之能量。4 週的跑步機運動訓練增加synaptotagmin-IV、glutamine synthetase、monocarboxylate transporter-2與monocarboxylate transporter-4在中、老年的表現量，顯示長期運動訓練可強化老化小鼠之神經可塑性和ANLS系統。總結本研究，老化及運動透過調節不同之神經可塑性和ANLS相關蛋白的表現，以不同方式影響學習和記憶的能力。

Aging impairs hippocampal neuroplasticity and hippocampus-related learning and memory. In contrast, long-term moderate-intensity running effectively increases hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory in young animals. It has been suggested that the function of hippocampal astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) is essential for the formation of hippocampus-related memory. However, whether aging and exercise affect the hippocampal ANLS and its role in memory formation remain unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise on hippocampal ANLS and neuroplasticity during aging. Young (3 months), middle-aged (12 months), and old (18 months) mice underwent moderate-intensity treadmill running for 4 weeks, and their hippocampal ANLS and memory-associated synaptic proteins were measured. The results showed that levels of glutamine synthase, connexin-30, monocarboxylate transporter-4 were increased in the middle-aged mice, while levels of connexin-43 were increased in the old mice. These findings suggest that compensatory responses may occur in astrocytes in order to maintain the aged-related deficiency in energy supply to neurons in the hippocampus. Treadmill running increased the levels of synaptotagmin-IV, glutamine synthase, monocarboxylate transporter-2 and monocarboxylate transporter-4 in the middle-aged and old mice. These findings suggest that exercise training may upregulate the synaptic plasticity-related and ANLS-related proteins in aging mice. Taken together, this study suggests that via regulations of different synaptic plasticity- and ANLS-related proteins, aging and exercise differentially regulate the performance of learning and memory.

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