大地工程設計上，常需要考慮地下土壤類別的分佈，這資訊將影響工程設計與施工，但傳統的工程土壤分類為定性系統，因此無法提供做為空間插值的資訊，本研究首先探討農業常用的數量化土壤分類之方法Fuzzy k-means (FKM)，再提出新的數量化分類方法，稱為粒徑分佈模糊相似性法(FSGSD)，並比較兩者之差異。隨後應用此數量化分類系統，配合地質統計法推估土壤的空間資訊，並繪製三種土壤等級地圖，首先為機率式3-D土壤等級地圖，可考慮土壤分類的機率，繪製出土壤三維空間的等級分佈範圍。二為低強度地層分佈地圖，配合標準貫入阻抗數值，綜合模糊土壤類別與模糊阻抗訊息，繪製出疏鬆狀態或軟弱狀態之土壤分佈範圍。上述之土壤地圖需要針對不同等級土壤分別繪製其分佈範圍，而非於一張土壤地圖上標示不同等級土壤之分佈範圍，因此工程使用上甚不方便，因此最後提出整合式3-D土壤等級地圖之繪製分法，將所有不同等級土壤之分佈範圍同時展示於一張圖上。上述的方法可以有系統且有效率以視覺化繪製土壤空間分佈，克服過去土壤地層剖面需由工程師之經驗主觀判斷，此專家系統可提供給大地工程師於工程設計上及施工過程之決策輔助工具。

　In geotechnical design, the spatial distribution of soil classes usually is the necessary information. The information will influence the design and construction in engineering. However, the traditional systems of soil classification are the determinate system. It cannot offer the quantitative information of classes and cannot be interpolated to obtain the spatial prediction. This study discusses a quantitative system of soil classification called as fuzzy k-means (FKM); it usually was applied in the soil classification of agriculture. In addition, this study present another quantitative system of soil classification called as fuzzy similarity of grain-size distribution (FSGSD). The two systems will be compared for each other. For drawing three types of soil class maps, the geostatistics are used to obtain the spatial prediction of soil classes in un-investigated points from the investigated points. The first type of soil class map is the 3-D probabilistic soil class map. The map considers the probability of soil classification and can visualize continuous volume of soil class. The second type map is the 3-D soil map of potential weak strata. This map is generated from synthesizing the fuzzy soil classes and fuzzy standard penetration resistance (SPT-N). This map visualizes the spatial distribution of loose or soft status of soil. But in the two types of soil maps are visualized individually for each soil class. Hence, the final soil map is to integrate 3-D soil class map, and it can show the all soil class in one map. These methods provide systematic and effective procedures to visualize the spatial distribution of soil class. The methods also avoid that the soil profile are established by engineers’ subjective judgments. This expert system can provide the geotechnical engineering the necessary information of soil class distribution in design and in constructing stage of engineering.

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