過去研究指出，人們經常透過與他人的比較來評斷自己的表現。當人們在比較過後發覺自己在某方面不如他人，羨慕便會因此而產生。在會影響到升遷、績效與獎勵的職場上更容易發生羨慕他人的情況。過去關於職場羨慕的研究中，絕大部分是以「羨慕他人」之員工為研究的對象。然而，本研究認為，在企業中「被羨慕者」通常為企業中表現較為優秀的員工，其所能為企業帶來的利益較多。當其因被羨慕而受到負面影響時，對於工作氛圍和企業的影響甚大，因此企業應重視職場羨慕所帶來的影響。基於上述原因，本研究探討當組織成員被其他同事羨慕時，會對其產生什麼影響？本研究以歸屬感理論與資源保存理論為基礎，研究「被羨慕」與「員工主動工作行為」之關係，探討當被羨慕者受到排擠後對於其拓展網絡及幫助行為會有什麼影響。並以「違反規範的可接受性」（組織層級）、「親和需求」(個人層級)為調節變數，來測試組織因素及個人因素會如何影響被羨慕產生的結果。
本研究以台灣企業為研究對象，共蒐集280份有效問卷。研究結果顯示，「被羨慕」與「排擠」有正向關係，並且當組織內「違反規範的可接受性」高時，排擠現象更加嚴重。而員工被排擠時會試著拓展組之外的網絡，也會給予組織內成員更多幫助。此外，當員工拓展組織外部網絡與提供組織內成員幫助時，其依然會對於組織內展現出「主動工作行為」。本研究證實，排擠為員工被羨慕的一項可能結果，並且組織內對於違反規範的可接受性能夠影響此結果的嚴重程度。

As workplace envy is harmful to the performance for both employees and companies, it is thus important to be aware of envy occurring in the workplace. Instead of understanding envious people who show envy towards others, current study focuses on the perspective of people being envied. On the basis of Belongingness Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory, we further examine a theoretical framework containing both group and individual level to explain the possible process between ostracism and proactive work behavior after being envied, through network extension and helping behavior. Also, to find out how environmental and individual differences influence the outcome of being envied, we investigate the possible group level moderator between being envied and ostracism; and individual level moderator between ostracism and network extension as well as helping behavior. Our model is tested by 280 supervisor-subordinate dyads from various industries in Taiwan, such as financial, insurance, and mobile companies.
The results of present study indicate that the acceptability of norm violation of a group can influence the extent of ostracism when one is being envied. Furthermore, when one is being ostracized, he/she may extend his/her network outside of the group or give out more help to the members inside of the group. Current study casts light on how being envied by group members influences one’s proactive work behavior. And further on confirmed that ostracism is a key consequence followed by being envied and can be influenced by whether the group can accept norm violation.

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