義大利自1970年11月5日起與中國建立正式雙邊關係後，雙方經貿關係持續深化，但貿易往來逐漸呈現對中方較為有利的失衡局面。2019年三月，在歐盟企圖與中國角逐在亞洲的勢力時，義大利卻與中國簽訂一帶一路備忘錄，為歐盟對中策略的整合帶來變數，引起許多爭議。過去的研究將外交政策的抉擇視為行政機關管理的範疇，從國家利益與國際規範的因素討論政策形成的原因，然而冷戰後，隨著全球間經貿關係的緊密聯繫，國際議題越來越受到選民與利益團體的關注，政府的外交策略受到對選民進行政治宣傳及選民對議題的看法改變影響，但仍少有文獻探討對於不同選舉制度之下，選民的選區因素對於政治菁英對外交政策的立場的影響。因此本研究將以義大利作為案例，分析2017年到2022年「一帶一路」倡議簽署到退出前的期間，義大利參議院的國會發言，藉由主題與內容分析的方法，探討選區特質對國會議員在義中關係立場的影響。筆者發現選區對中國的經貿依存度、中國移民人口分布及新冠疫情的衝擊程度不僅會影響國會議員對於中國議題的關注度，也會影響國會議員討論中國時，關注的角度與態度。本研究不僅提供選區利益影響國會議員外交立場的實證證據，也有助於深化我們對內部政治因素如何形塑國家對外政策之理解，進而補足國際關係與比較政治領域之間的研究鴻溝。

In March 2019, while the European Union was attempting to formulate a unified policy toward China, Italy decided to sign a Memorandum of Understanding on the Belt and Road Initiative with China, introducing uncertainty into the EU’s China strategy and sparking considerable controversy both domestically and internationally. Some researchers considered that voter-targeted political marketing and differences of opinion among governing parties were among the factors contributing to this disputed foreign policy decision. Based on a corpus of Italian Senate speeches from 2017 to 2022, and using thematic and contextual analysis methods, this paper further identifies constituency interest factors that influenced legislators’ attitudes toward China. The results show that the ties between constituencies and China played a role in shaping legislators’ concerns and perspectives regarding China, particularly on issues of economics and health security.

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