由拆除混凝土所產生之再生細骨材（recycled fine aggregate, RFA）具有取代天然砂之環境效益，但其黏附舊砂漿孔隙率高、吸水率大且力學性質較差，限制其於超高性能混凝土（ultra-high-performance concrete, UHPC）中的應用。本研究探討加速碳化處理，並比較濕潤預處理碳化（WC）與氫氧化鈣預處理碳化（CC）兩種方式，對再生細骨材性質、界面過渡區（interfacial transition zone, ITZ）及 UHPC 工程性能之影響。處理後骨材分別進行吸水率、密度、熱重分析（TGA）、X 光繞射分析（XRD）及 SEM-EDS 等試驗，並以 20% 與 40% 體積取代率應用於 UHPC，評估其流動性、抗壓強度、乾燥收縮、電阻率、直接拉伸行為，以及利用 SEM-EDS 與網格奈米壓痕分析界面微觀特性。
研究結果顯示，兩種碳化處理皆可降低再生細骨材吸水率並提高密度，其中以 CC 處理效果最佳。XRD 與 TGA 分析顯示，CC 處理主要生成方解石（calcite），WC 則形成較高比例之球霰石（vaterite），顯示兩種預處理方式具有不同之碳化反應途徑。採用飽和面乾（SSD）狀態之再生細骨材可提升 UHPC 流動性，而碳化處理藉由碳酸鈣沉積改善骨材表面特性，使工作性進一步提升。在各項工程性質中，CC 處理皆展現最佳表現；於 40% 取代率下，其抗壓強度可恢復至天然骨材對照組之 86%，56 天乾燥收縮較未處理再生細骨材降低約 30%，並於再生骨材組中獲得最高極限拉伸強度（5.70 MPa），同時維持 UHPC 特有之應變硬化行為。相較之下，碳化處理對電阻率之改善較為有限，顯示 UHPC 之離子傳輸阻抗仍主要受緻密基材所控制。
網格奈米壓痕分析進一步證實，碳化處理可顯著降低骨材周圍多孔低勁度相之比例，並增加高密度 C–S–H 相，其中以 CC 處理效果最為明顯。綜合而言，加速碳化處理，尤其配合氫氧化鈣預處理，可有效緻密化再生細骨材之黏附舊砂漿並改善界面過渡區，進而提升 UHPC 之整體工程性能，提供拆除混凝土再生細骨材高值化應用於 UHPC 之可行策略。

Recycled fine aggregate (RFA) derived from demolished concrete offers an environmentally attractive alternative to natural sand, but its high porosity and weak adhered mortar limit its application in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), where the dense microstructure and low water-to-binder ratio leave little tolerance for aggregate deficiencies. This study investigated whether accelerated carbonation, with and without Ca(OH)₂ preconditioning, could upgrade RFA and improve the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and engineering performance of UHPC. Recycled fine aggregate was treated by either moisture preconditioning followed by carbonation (WC) or Ca(OH)₂ presoaking followed by carbonation (CC). The treated and untreated aggregates were characterised by water absorption, density, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and SEM-EDS before being incorporated into UHPC at 20% and 40% replacement levels. The resulting mixtures were evaluated for flowability, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, electrical resistivity, direct tensile behaviour, and ITZ characteristics using SEM-EDS and grid nanoindentation.
Both carbonation treatments reduced water absorption and increased aggregate density, with the CC treatment producing the greatest improvement. XRD and TGA showed that CC promoted predominantly calcite formation, whereas WC produced a larger proportion of vaterite despite achieving a comparable overall degree of carbonation, indicating that the two pretreatment routes followed different carbonation pathways. Incorporating RFA in the saturated surface-dry (SSD) condition increased the flowability of UHPC relative to the natural-aggregate control, while carbonation further enhanced workability through the smoother and less absorptive aggregate surface produced by CaCO₃ precipitation. Among the two carbonation treatments, the Ca(OH)₂-preconditioned route consistently delivered the best engineering performance. At 40% replacement, the CC mixture recovered 86% of the control compressive strength, reduced 56-day drying shrinkage by approximately 30% relative to the untreated RFA mixture, and achieved the highest ultimate tensile strength among the recycled-aggregate mixtures (5.70 MPa) while retaining the characteristic strain-hardening behaviour of UHPC. In contrast, carbonation had only a limited influence on electrical resistivity, indicating that transport resistance remained governed primarily by the dense UHPC matrix.
Grid nanoindentation demonstrated that these macroscopic improvements originated from substantial refinement of the aggregate–matrix interface. Carbonation markedly reduced the proportion of porous mechanical phases surrounding the recycled aggregate, particularly in the CC-treated mixtures, while increasing the fraction of dense high-density C–S–H. These findings indicate that accelerated carbonation, especially when preceded by Ca(OH)₂ preconditioning, effectively upgrades demolished-concrete RFA by densifying the adhered mortar and refining the ITZ, thereby providing a practical strategy for incorporating recycled fine aggregate into UHPC while maintaining high engineering performance.

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