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研究生： 陳柏村
Chen, Bo-Tsuen
論文名稱： 溫度及應變速率在304L不鏽鋼銲接件抗拉性質與顯微結構上的效應分析
The Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on Tensile Properties and Microstructural Evolutions of 304L Stainless Steel Welded Joints
指導教授： 李偉賢
Lee, Woei-Shyan
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2003
畢業學年度： 91
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 161
中文關鍵詞： 顯微結構 、拉伸性質 、應變速率 、不鏽鋼 、溫度
外文關鍵詞： microstructural, Stainless Steel, Tensile Properties, Strain Rate, Temperature
相關次數： 點閱：87  下載：1 
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    • 本研究目的主要在探討304L不銹鋼遮蔽金屬電弧銲(SMAW)及惰氣鎢極電弧銲(GTAW)銲接件在不同環境溫度及應變速率下的拉伸塑變行為與微觀組織變化。測試條件分別為環境溫度-100℃、-50℃、25℃、300℃、500℃及應變速率10-1s-1,10-2s-1,10-3s-1。
    實驗結果顯示，304L不銹鋼銲接件的機械性質受溫度及應變速率的影響非常顯著。在溫度影響方面，隨著溫度上升銲接件的降伏強度、塑流應力、抗拉強度、伸長量、加工硬化率、應變速率敏感性會隨之下降，而熱活化體積則有相反的趨勢。在應變速率影響方面，隨著應變速率上升銲接件的降伏強度及應變速率敏感性會隨之上升，而伸長量則有下降的趨勢。比較兩組銲接件得知，GTAW銲接件有較高的塑流應力，較高的加工硬化率，較高的應變速率敏感性係數，及較小的熱活化體積。利用Zerilli-Armstrong 構成方程式以及實驗所得材料參數可以描述304L不銹鋼GTAW與SMAW銲接件在拉伸荷載下之塑性行為，作為工程分析與模擬之用。
    破壞形貌觀察發現，兩組銲接件在低溫-100℃及-50℃下斷裂於銲道；高溫300℃及500℃下斷裂於母材。另外室溫25℃下，低應變速率10-3s-1及10-2s-1斷裂於銲道；高應變速率10-1s-1斷裂於母材。磁性量測結果顯示隨著溫度及應變速率的降低，麻田散鐵相變態量有增加的趨勢，並且母材的麻田散鐵相變態量又會明顯大於銲道。硬度測試結果顯示在固定應變量0.4下，-100℃、-50℃及25℃母材的硬度明顯大於銲道，而300℃和500℃則有相反的趨勢。TEM觀察發現差排密度會隨著溫度上升而下降；隨應變速率增加而增加，另外麻田散鐵相變態量會隨著溫度上升及應變速率增加而下降，而300℃和500℃下銲接件內部已經沒有麻田散鐵組織存在。

    This study investigates the effect of temperature and strain rate on the tensile properties and microstructural evolution of 304L stainless steel GTAW and SMAW joints. Tensile tests are performed at temperatures of -100℃, -50℃, 25℃, 300℃ and 500℃, and strain rates of 10-1s-1, 10-2s-1and 10-3s-1.Experimental results indicate that temperature and strain rate significantly influence mechanical properties. As temperature increases, activation volume increases but yield strength, flow stress, tensile strength, fracture strain, work hardening rate and strain rate sensitivity decrease. As strain rate increases, yield strength and strain rate sensitivity increase, but fracture strain decreases. Flow stress, work hardening rate and strain rate sensitivity are greater for GTAW welds than for SMAW welds. The Zerrilli-Armstrong constitutive equation with the experimentally determined specific material parameters successfully describes the flow of the tested weldments for the range of test conditions. For both weldments, joints fracture in the weld metal at test temperatures between -100℃ and -50℃, but fracture in the base metal at temperatures from 300℃ to 500℃. At 25℃, joints fracture in the weld metal at strain rates of 10-3s-1 and 10-2s-1,but fracture in the base metal at a 10-1s-1 strain rate. Magnetic measurement reveals martensite decreases with increasing temperature and strain rate, and that martensite transformation is greater in base than in weld metal. For 0.4 strain, microhardness measurement reveals base metal is harder at -100℃、-50℃、25℃, while weld metal is harder at 300℃ and 500℃. Microstructural observations show that dislocation density decreases with increasing temperature but increases with increasing strain rate. Martensite decreases with temperature and strain rate increase.

    中文摘要 I ABSTRACT II 總目錄 IV 表目錄 IX 圖目錄 X 符號說明 XVII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1研究背景與動機 1 1-2研究目的 3 1-3研究範疇 3 第二章 文獻探討 4 2-1 沃斯田鐵不銹鋼銲接理論 4 2-1-1 沃斯田鐵不銹鋼銲接特性 4 2-1-2 沃斯田鐵不銹鋼銲接凝固行為 5 2-1-3 肥粒相組織對沃斯田鐵不銹鋼之影響 7 2-1-4 肥粒相含量之影響因素 8 2-1-5 肥粒相含量之估算 9 2-2 惰性氣體鎢極電弧銲之簡介 10 2-3 遮蔽金屬電弧銲之簡介 11 2-4 銲接參數對銲道結構之影響 11 2-5 母材熱影響區與強度之關係 13 2-6 沃斯田鐵不銹鋼變形過程之相變態 13 2-6-1麻田散鐵相變態 14 2-6-2影響麻田散鐵相變態量之因素 15 2-7應變速率敏感性與變形機構 16 2-8應變速率敏感性的測試方法 19 2-9材料變形構成方程式 20 第三章 實驗方法與設備 36 3-1實驗流程 36 3-2實驗材料 36 3-2-1母材 36 3-3-2銲材 37 3-3實驗設備 37 3-3-1銲接設備 37 3-3-2萬能材料試驗機 38 3-3-3微小硬度試驗機 38 3-3-4磁性量測設備 38 3-3-5光學顯微鏡(OM) 39 3-3-6掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 39 3-3-7穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) 39 3-3-8雙噴射式電解拋光機 39 3-4銲接試驗 40 3-4-1銲接參數設定 40 3-4-2惰性氣體鎢棒電弧銲(GTAW) 40 3-4-3遮蔽金屬棒電弧銲(SMAW) 40 3-4-4銲接件檢驗 41 3-5實驗方法與步驟 41 3-5-1拉伸試驗 41 3-5-2微硬度試驗 42 3-5-3肥粒鐵相量測 42 3-5-4麻鐵散鐵之量測 42 3-5-5試件金相之觀察(OM) 43 3-5-6破斷面之觀察(SEM) 43 3-5-7化學成分分析(EDS) 43 3-5-8穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) 43 第四章 結果與討論 52 4-1拉伸前銲接件基本性質分析 52 4-1-1母材與熱影響區金相組織 52 4-1-2銲道金相組織 52 4-1-4肥粒鐵含量分析 54 4-1-4微硬度值分析 55 4-2應力應變曲線之討論 56 4-3加工硬化率之討論 57 4-4應變速率敏感性 58 4-5熱活化體積 59 4-6溫度敏感性 60 4-7變形昇溫量量測 61 4-8材料變形構成方程式 61 4-9拉伸後銲接件微觀組織分析 62 4-9-1麻田散鐵相變態量 62 4-9-2銲接件斷裂位置 63 4-9-3銲道破斷面形貌 65 4-9-4母材破斷面形貌 67 4-9-5拉伸後金相組織 67 4-9-6 拉伸後微硬度 68 4-10 TEM顯微結構分析 68 4-10-1差排 69 4-10-2麻田散鐵 70 第五章 結論 148 參考文獻 150

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