本研究以我國2013年至2017年銀行業為研究對象，採用裁決性壞帳作為盈餘品質衡量變數，藉以探討審計委員會之設置及其特性與盈餘品質之關係。實證結果顯示，設置審計委員會對於增進盈餘品質之效果並不顯著，又審計委員會特性中，僅女性比例與盈餘品質顯著正相關，其餘特性諸如審計委員會規模、財務會計專家比例及開會次數則不顯著。若進一步區分向上盈餘管理及向下盈餘管理，可發現財務會計專家與向上盈餘管理呈現顯著正相關。由實證結果推測，我國審計委員會制度施行時間尚短，現階段尚無法充分發揮應有之功效。

關鍵字：審計委員會、女性比例、財務會計專家比例、盈餘品質

The article will take the banking industry from 2013 to 2017 as the research object to study and explore the association between the audit committee characteristics and earnings quality. Using discretionary component of loan loss provisions as earnings quality proxy variable, we find that audit committee is insignificant with earnings quality. Also, only the percentage of female in audit committee is positive with earnings quality, and other characteristics are insignificant. Furthermore, we find audit committee members with financial or accounting expertise is positive with upward earning management.

Key words: Audit committee, proportion of women, proportion of financial or accounting experts, Earning quality

Abbott, L. J., S. Parker, and G. F. Peters. 2004. Audit committee characteristics and restatements. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 23 (1): 69–87.
Ahmed, A.S., C. Takeda, and S. Thomas. 1999. Bank loan loss provisions: A reexamination of capital management, earnings management and signaling effects. Journal of Accounting Economics, 28 (1), 1-25
Beatty, A., Chamberlain, S. L., & Magliolo, J. (1995). Managing financial reports of commercial banks: The influence of taxes, regulatory capital, and earnings. Journal of Accounting Research, 33(2), 231−261.
Beaver, W., C. Eger, S. Ryan, and M. Wolfson. 1989. Financial reporting, supplemental disclosures and bank share prices. Journal of Accounting Research, 27 (2), 157-78.
Bedard, J., M. Chtouror, and L. Courteau. 2004. The effect of audit expertise, independence, and activity on aggressive earnings management. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 23(2): 13-35.
Berger, A. N. and Udell, G. F., 2004, “The Institutional Memory Hypothesis and The Procyclicality of Bank Lending Behavior,” Journal of Financial Intermediation, Vol. 13, No. 4, 458-495.
Burgstahler, D. and Eames, M., 2006, “Management of Earnings and Analysts’ Forecasts to Achieve Zero and Small Positive Earnings Surprises,” Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. 33, No. 5-6, 633-652.
Carter, D. A., Simkins, B. J., & Simpson, W. G. (2003). Corporate Governance, Board Diversity, and Firm Value. Financial Review, 38(1), 33-53. doi: 10.1111/1540-6288.00034
Collins, J. H., Shackelford, D. A., &Wahlen, J. M. (1995). Bank differences in the coordination of regulatory capital, earnings, and taxes. Journal of Accounting Research, 33(2), 263−291.
David Gregory DeBoskey and Wei Jiang, 2012, “Earnings Management and Auditor Specialization in the post-sox era: An examination of the banking industry” Journal of Banking& Finance, Vol 36, No. 61-623
Dechow, M., G. Sloan, and P. Sweeney. 1996. Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: an analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary Accounting Research 13 (1): 1-36.
Degeorge, F., Patel, J., Zeckhauser, R.(1999).Earnings management to exceed thresholds. Journal of Business,72(1),1-33
Earley, P. C., &Mosakowski, E. (2000). Creating hybrid team cultures: An empirical test of transnational team functioning. Academy of Management Journal, 26-49.
Felo, A. J., S. Krishnamurthy, and S. A. Solieri, (2003), Audit committee characteristics and the perceived quality of financial reporting: An empirical analysis. Working paper.
Healy, P., and Wahler, J., 1999. ”A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting,” Accounting Horizons 13,365~383.
Kinney, William, David Burgstahler and Roger Martin (2002), “Earnings Surprise‘Materiality’ as Measured by Stock Returns,” Journal of Accounting Research, 40(5), 1297-1329.
Klein, A. 2002. Audit Committee, board of director characteristics, and earnings management. Journal of Accounting and Economics 33: 375-400.
Krishman, G. V. and G. Visvanathan. 2008. Does the SOX definition of an accounting expert matter? The association between audit committee director’s accounting expertise and accounting conservatism. Contemporary Accounting Research 25(3):827-858
Laeven, L. and Majnoni, G., 2003, “Loan Loss Provisioning and Economic Slowdowns: too Much, too Late?” Journal of Financial Intermediation, Vol. 12, No. 2, 178-197.
Laeven, L. and Majnoni, G., 2003, “Loan Loss Provisioning and Economic Slowdowns: too Much, too Late?” Journal of Financial Intermediation, Vol. 12, No. 2, 178-197.
"Liu, C., S. Ryan, and J. Wahlen. 1997. Differential valuation implications of loan loss provisions across banks and fiscal quarters. The Accounting Review, 72 (1), 133-146."
Moyer, S. E. (1990). Capital adequacy ratio regulations and accounting choices in commercial banks. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 13(2), 123−154.
Persons.O.S.2008.Audit committee characteristics and earlier voluntary ethics disclosure among fraud and no-fraud firms. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance.Vol.6,Issue 4, p.284-297
Roychowdhury, S. 2006. Earnings management through real activities manipulation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 42: 335-370.
Schipper, K. (1989). “Commentary on Earnings Management.” Accounting Horizons, 3(4), 91-102.
Sharma.V.,V.Naiker and B.Lee.2009.Determinants of audit committee meeting frequency: Evidence from a voluntary governance system. Accounting Horizons vol.23 No.3 pp.245-263
Srinidhi, B. I. N., Gul, F. A., & Tsui, J. (2011). Female Directors and Earnings Quality*. Contemporary Accounting Research, 28(5), 1610-1644. doi:10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01071.x
Tomas, A. S., and Williams, G. R. 1991. “A strategy to provide retirement benefits for international transferees in a global company.” Benefits and Compensation international 21:2-7
Xie, B., W. N. Davidson III. and P. J. DaDalt. 2003. Earnings management and corporate governance: the role of the board and the audit committee. Journal of Corporate Finance 9: 295-316.
王怡方(2012)，審計委員會會計專家多寡與盈餘管理之關聯性研究，臺灣大學會計學研究所學位論文
沈中華、池祥麟(2003)。從投資人保護觀點與展望理論探討各國銀行業盈餘管理之現象與動機。經濟論文, 31(3)，407-458。
易瑞敏(2013)審計委員會開會次數與盈餘管理之關聯性。臺北大學會計學系學位論文
林柏彤(2016)，女性財務主管、女性審計委員與財務報表重編：兼論女性會計師之角色，中興大學會計學研究所學位論文
洪愛苓(2012)，審計委員會多樣性對財報品質之影響，成功大學會計學系學位論文
袁銳(2016)設置審計委員會對盈餘管理影響之探討。臺灣大學會計學研究所學位論文
許文馨，2014，審計委員會是否較監察人更能提升盈餘品質，臺大管理論叢，第24卷，第S1期，頁203-232
陳育成(2002)，〈台灣金融業的壞帳管理及相關研究〉，《管理評論》，第21卷，第4期，頁1-17
陳育成(2002)。台灣金融業的壞帳管理及相關研究。管理評論21(4)，1-17
陳明麗、王凱立、陳品媗，2010，「市場盈餘預測誤差會影響美國銀行業之盈餘管理行為嗎？」，管理評論，29 卷4 期：69~88。
黃珮萱(2014)，審計委員會設置前後盈餘管理之比較，中興大學會計學研究所學位論文
葉銀華、林志豪(2014)。上市櫃公司要設置審計委員會？審計委員會與盈餘管理之研究。輔仁管理評論，第二十一卷第三期，1-22。
董俊宏（2007）。逾放比、獲利力與經營績效相關性之研究--以國內公、民營銀行為例。高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文，國立成功大學。
劉啟群(1999)。我國金融業會計損益項目季別分析：盈餘管理間接測試法。會計評論，31，63-79
蔡嘉農(2016)，我國審計委員會財務會計專業與盈餘管理行為之研究，成功大學財務金融研究所碩士在職專班學位論文