本研究建立夜間行人擴增實境導航的系統性設計流程，確立擴增實境導航之夜間模式。擴增實境導航與傳統平面鳥瞰式地圖差別在於，擴增實境導航與真實環境有更佳的空間相容性，使用者得以更快辨識方向。擴增實境導航具有兩個訊息管道，分別為前景介面以及背景資訊，而背景資訊之複雜程度則影響前景資訊的辨識。然而，夜間的導航對於行人存在著潛在的危險，因著夜間環境亮度低，以及城市中所設置之LED街燈產生之不適眩光，分散了行人注意力並影響了使用者的視覺辨識速度，以及行人過度關注手機資訊，分心的行為成為發生交通事故的主因。傳統GPS導航具有夜間模式，而擴增導航則尚未建立夜間模式的標準，因此，本研究主旨建立行人擴增實境導航夜間模式，透過分析使用者行為，建立步行導航決策步驟流程圖，並透過前景介面設計排列、視覺群化設計，增加前景資訊的辨識速度，最後分依前景以及背景亮度，最終建立擴增導航夜間模式前景背景組合。
步行導航決策步驟流程圖以尋路互動資源關係模型，以及適地性服務（Location Based Service）為理論基礎建立而成，尋路時行人透過五個方式抵達目的地，分別為尋找方向、沿著標記的路線、定標定位、路徑整合和認知地圖。並透過三個適地性服務功能，導航、資訊以及溝通的功能對應於行人手機導航中。實驗透過半結構式訪談以及脈絡訪查之設計方法，驗證由理論所建構之步行導航決策步驟流程圖，確立行人於新穎環境中所需要獲得的尋路知識、操作行為以及記憶資訊的模式。結果顯示行人高度依賴視覺讀取環境資訊和手機導航資訊，並採用路徑策略進行尋路，該策略於尋路過程中需導航系統提供主要路線名稱、路線與距離資訊，因此，精簡尋路資訊對於行人尋路至關重要，增加使用者觀看環境之注意力。
確立尋路決策所需資訊後，研究依據前景介面視覺參數進行介面設計，邀請人因工程設計師進行設計工作坊，設計規劃前景介面排列、視覺群化設計及提示方式，增加前景資訊的辨識速度。工作坊分為三個步驟：說明行人導航決策流程、說明設計準則以及設計執行。設計結果以KJ法依據群化準則及提示方式進行主題分類，最終獲得五款擴增實境導航介面設計，而五款介面使用 3D Engine Unity 及 Vuforia SDK 構建 AR 擴增導航介面於手機中進行測試，並於實際場域之十字路口進行驗證，以NASA-TLX量表以及導航介面設計準則進行評估。結果顯示設計A中心提示及連接律之介面獲得最顯著的辨識速度、減少觀看時間、視覺壓力以及使用信心，而設計C連續律的介面則於觀看四周的評估項目中獲得最佳成績。
本研究透過使用者導航決策流程及視覺群化設計建立前景介面，確認前景資訊後取樣城市十字路口街景畫面，進行夜間城市亮度分析。十字路口為行人尋路決策點，城市街道中大量的LED路燈以及車燈造成不適眩光，容易使行人發生意外。因此，本研究根據城市亮度分析差異，設計前景介面亮度及背景色調組合，透過背景色調改善城市街道中的不適眩光，並提高低亮度環境之資訊易讀性，透過回憶測驗驗證組合，結果顯示同時使用高亮度區暖色調背景與伽馬校正和前景之亮度65介面為最佳夜間導航前背景組合 (65, W, Ct, Gm)，然而考慮主觀感受時則以高亮度區低伽馬為主要組合 (Lg)、 (Lg, Ct)，暖色溫色調會主觀的感受。最後，前景背景之亮度對比度影響了整體易讀性，於低亮度環境中設計擴增實境系統介面時，需考慮背景的亮度後進行前景亮度設計，達到最佳的擴增實境夜間模式。
本研究為行人擴增實境導航提供了系統性的設計流程，將人機互動中的三個影響因子納入研究，包含了建立使用者行為導航決策流程、手機前景介面設計以及環境背景亮度的分析與色調修正，最終確立行人擴增實境導航的夜間模式設計。本研究之研究成果提升了夜間閱讀手機資訊之前景背景易讀性，探討了擴增實境導航介面中前景和背景的亮度之間如何相互影響，建立步行導航決策步驟流程圖，並設計擴增實境導航介面，為夜間行人安全建立了設計的準則，以及為擴增實境應用於低亮度環境之介面設計做出貢獻。

In this study, we established a systematic design process for augmented-reality (AR) navigation for pedestrians. Augmented-reality navigation differs from the conventional bird's-eye-view map in that the former has better spatial compatibility with the real environment, allowing pedestrians to determine their travel directions rapidly. Augmented-reality navigation involves two information channels: foreground interface and background information. The complexity of the background information affects the recognition of the foreground information. However, this does involve some potential dangers for pedestrians navigating at night. The dim lighting conditions of nighttime environments cause poor visual recognition. In addition, pedestrians pay excessive attention to mobile phone texts or notifications, which is the main cause of traffic accidents. Hence, this study established a decision procedure framework of navigation, aiming to (1) reduce the wayfinding behavior of excessively looking at a mobile phone, (2) increase the legibility of foreground information through a foreground interface design flow and visual design grouping, and (3) create the AR navigation night mode for pedestrians.
After validating the decision-making process and the design of the foreground interface, the brightness of a city environment at night was analyzed, and street scenes of urban traffic intersections were sampled. The study considered that pedestrians are prone to accidents at crossroads owing to a large number of LED streetlights and vehicle glare in urban areas, which causes pedestrians to be distracted, including occurrences of inattentional blindness caused by distracted mobile phone operation. Thus, the city's brightness was analyzed, designed background color treatments were, and improved the glare caused to reduce discomfort and enhance the legibility of background information. The result indicated that the high luminance area in warm color, gamma correction, and a foreground brightness of 65 in the Lab Color mode was the optimal combination to facilitate a user paying attention to both foreground and background information for nighttime navigation. However, considering subjective perception, the main combination is a high luminance area in low gamma (Lg), (Lg, Ct). The color treatment of high-luminance areas has decreased the nighttime glares problem. Therefore, this study established an augmented-reality navigation design process and created a display design for nocturnal usage of augmented-reality navigation, considering pedestrian behavior, foreground design, environmental brightness, and background color treatment processing.

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