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研究生：	李婕華 Lee, Chieh-Hua
論文名稱：	開發一雙功能自組裝單層修飾策略應用於高選擇性捕獲循環腫瘤細胞 Development of a Bifunctional Self-assembled Monolayer Modification Strategy for Highly Selective Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells
指導教授：	吳炳慶 Wu, Ping-Ching
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 生物醫學工程學系 Department of BioMedical Engineering
論文出版年：	2022
畢業學年度：	110
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	79
中文關鍵詞：	循環腫瘤細胞捕捉、無銅點擊化學、環狀精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸、微流道
外文關鍵詞：	Circulating tumor cells capture, cyclic RGD, click chemistry, microfluidics
相關次數：	點閱：32 下載：0
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根據世界衛生組織的預測，預計 2040 年將出現 2940 萬例新癌症病例，且每 6 人中就有 1 人死於癌症，其中，大約有九成的癌症相關死亡歸因於癌症轉移。因此，早期發現以及監測轉移和預後對於癌症的預防和治療至關重要。循環系統中存在循環腫瘤細胞 (CTC) 代表著轉移的可能性，因此 CTC 的分析可用於早期癌症檢測並提供個性化治療所需的信息。 CTCs可以通過微創的液體活檢從血液中分離出來，但它也面臨兩大挑戰，其中之一是血液中CTCs的稀有性和癌細胞表現的高度細胞異質性。
我們提出了一種方便、經濟、無催化劑的自組裝單層修飾策略，具有高效的廣譜 CTC 捕獲能力和有效的白細胞排斥性。在本研究中，設計並比較了兩種修飾策略的目標細胞捕獲效率和純度。一種利用 PEG 分子，另一種依賴於以最佳比例的氨基矽烷與氟矽烷進行修飾而創造出的雙功能自組裝單層，再將對癌細胞過表達蛋白αvβ3 顯示出強親和力的環狀精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸 (RGD)以無銅點擊化學共價接枝到表面。X 射線光電子能譜 (XPS)、傅立葉變換紅外光譜 (FTIR) 和白光干涉儀 (WLI) 用於分析表面化學，而 αvβ3 蛋白在不同細胞系(Jurkat, RAW 264.7, MDA-MB-231、A549 和 BxPC-3)中的表達水平通過流式細胞術檢測。癌細胞捕獲的效率和純度是通過微流體進行的。我們的結果顯示了 84.6% 的捕獲效率和 89.1% 的捕獲純度。

According to the WHO forecast, an estimated 29.4 million new cancer cases will occur in 2040, and 1 in 6 deaths will be caused by cancer. Approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths are attributed to metastasis. Therefore, early detection of cancer, monitoring of metastases, and prognosis are essential for prevention and treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the circulatory system represents the possibility of metastasis, so the analysis of CTCs can be utilized for early cancer screening and providing information needed for personalized treatment. CTCs can be separated from the blood by liquid biopsy with a minimally invasive, but it also faces two major challenges, one of which is the rarity of CTCs in blood and the high level of cell heterogeneity in cancer cells.
Here, we report a modification strategy for a convenient, cost-effective, and catalyst-free SAM with efficient broad-spectrum CTC capture ability and effective leukocyte attachment repellency. In this study, two modified strategies were designed and compared for cell capture efficiency and purity. One utilized the PEG molecule, and one depended on the modification with an optimal ratio of amino-silanes to fluoro-silanes to create the bifunctional SAM, and then the cyclic RGD peptide which showed strong affinity to αvβ3 integrin (the cancer cell overexpression protein) were covalently grafted onto the surface by copper-free click reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and White Light Interferometry (WLI) were used to characterize the surface chemistry, while the expression level of αvβ3 protein in different cell lines (Jurkat, RAW 264.7, MDA-MB-231, A549, and BxPC-3) were detected by flow cytometry. The efficiency and purity of cancer cell capture were performed by microfluidics. Our result shows 84.6% capture efficiency and 89.1% capture purity.

摘要	I
Abstract	II
誌謝	III
Acknowledgements	V
Contents	VI
List of Figures	IX
List of Tables	X
List of Abbreviations	XI
Chapter 1 Introduction	1
1 Cancer and CTCs	1
1.1 Cancer	1
1.2 Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)	2
2 Clinically common cancer detection methods	4
2.1 Medical imaging	4
2.2 Tissue biopsy	4
2.3 Liquid biopsy	5
3 The tumor circulome	5
3.1 Circulating tumor proteins	5
3.2 Circulating tumor nucleic acids	6
3.3 Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)	6
3.4 Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs)	7
4 Advantage of CTC detection	8
5 Existing CTCs isolation strategy	9
5.1 Label-independent isolation strategies	10
5.1.1 Based on size of tumor cells	10
5.1.2 Based on density of tumor cells	11
5.1.3 Based on dielectric properties of tumor cells	12
5.1.4 Based on the adhesion ability of tumor cells	12
5.2 Label-dependent isolation strategies	13
6 The specific aims and strategy	14
6.1 Cancer biomarker: αvβ3 integrin	15
6.2 Targeting ligand: RGD peptide	15
6.3 Spacer	17
6.4 Crosslinker: DBCO-PEG-NHS	17
6.5 Amino-silanes & fluoro-silane	18
Chapter 2 Methods and Materials	20
1 Materials	20
2 Cell culture and staining	21
3 SAM modification	21
4 Contact angle	22
5 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)	22
6 Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy	23
7 FITC conjugating for amine presenting	23
8 Protein absorption	24
9 White Light Interferometry	24
10 Cytotoxicity	25
11 Cell capture efficiency	25
12 Flowcytometry	26
13 Microfluidic CTCs capture	27
14 Data Analysis and Statistical Evaluation	27
Chapter 3 Result	28
1 RGD immobilized PEG SAM (RPS)	28
1.1 Modification strategy	28
1.2 RGD immobilization	30
1.3 Cell capture efficiency of RPS surface	33
2 RGD immobilized bifunctional SAM (RBS)	35
2.1 Bioactivity fluorinated surfaces Modification strategy	35
2.2 The presence of fluorine on modified surface	38
2.3 Quantification of amine groups with FITC	41
2.4 Wettability of surface	43
2.5 FTIR of functionated surface	46
2.6 Protein absorption	48
2.7 Cytotoxicity verification	51
2.8 Cell capture efficiency of RBS	53
2.9 Alpha V beta 3 integrin expression level in cells	57
3 Microfluidic CTCs capture	59
Chapter 4 Discussion	64
1 The ability of PEG to resist nonspecific attachment	64
2 An alternative strategy for optimizing anti-adhesion ability: Introduction of fluoride	66
3 Differences in the controllability of FTES and PFTCS	66
4 The optimized ratio of APTES to FTES	68
5 Specific cell capture efficiency	68
6 Non-specific attachment repellency properties: protein and blood cell	69
7 Capture performance of microfluidics test	70
Chapter 5 Conclusion	71
Reference	73
                                    

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