轉錄因子Yin Yang (YY1)是一個多功能的核蛋白，根據細胞的微環境需求，可以活化或者抑制基因的表現。YY1為廣泛性的表現，且在不同物種間具有高度的保留性。近年來研究顯示，YY1這個轉錄因子與複雜的生物功能相關，包括了細胞凋亡、腫瘤生成、發育及分化等。然而關於 YY1在斑馬魚胚胎發育過程的扮演的角色仍尚未清楚。
在本篇研究中，首先我們利用mRNA全覆式原位雜交實驗(whole mount in situ hybridization)的方式來偵測YY1基因在斑馬魚胚胎發育時間及空間上表現情形。我們證實在不同時期YY1有不同的表現，例如在受精後48小時，YY1會表現在腦、眼睛及體節。下一步，我們設計了YY1基因的嗎啉寡聚核苷酸(morpholinos)進行knockdown胚胎發育時期YY1的表現。我們發現將YY1進行knockdown後胚胎發育至受精後18.5小時，會導致凋亡的死細胞(apoptotic cell)累積在整個胚胎體。在發育的過程中，這些細胞可能會干擾正常的細胞移動及細胞與細胞間的交互作用，進而影響了某些組織或器官的發育，包括了腦、心臟及眼睛。
此外，我們也分別使用腦的標記基因(marker gene)─pax2a 及心臟的標記基因─ nkx2.5藉由全覆式原位雜交實驗來分析YY1 morphants的影響。我們比較野生型及YY1 morphant的腦部及心臟，發現有發育遲緩、形態及標記基因的表現上具有差異性。此外，我們也發現送入2.5 ng/μl YY1 mRNA可以拯救(rescue)受影響的morphants，使這些因為YY1嗎啉寡聚核苷酸(morpholinos)在morphants所誘發的缺陷可以減少。
根據我們的結果顯示，YY1會調控PS受體(PS receptor)的表現，進而影響到PSR其吞噬凋亡細胞之能力，進而影響各胚層之移動與重要器官如腦部及心臟之發育。同時關於YY1在人類及動物系統中的功能，也提供了一個新的觀點。

The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional nuclear protein that can activate or repress gene expression depending on the cellular context. YY1 is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved between species. Recently, YY1 is a transcription factor with complex biological functions, including apoptosis, tumorigenesis, development and differentiation. However its role in zebrafish embryonic development is still unclear.
In the present, first, we used whole-mount in situ hybridization to monitor the temporal and spatial profile of YY1 expression pattern during zebrafish embryogenesis. We demonstrated that YY1 have different expression profiles such as expression in brain, eye and somite at 48 hpf. Then, we designed YY1 morpholinos for knockdown of YY1 expression during the embryonic development. We found that the knockdown of YY1 led to accumulation of a large number of dead apoptotic cells in whole embryo at 18.5 hpf. These cells may interfere with cell migration and cell-cell interaction during development that affect the some tissues or organs development, including brain, heart and eyes.
Furthermore, we used the brain and heart marker gene pax2a and nkx2.5, respectively, to analyze the effects on yy1 morphants by whole-mount in situ hybridization. We found the developmental retardation, morphological and the expression pattern of marker gene change on brain and heart between wild type and yy1 morphant. In addition, we also found that YY1 morpholino-induced defect morphant can be reduced by co-injection of 2.5 ng/μl yy1 mRNA with YY1 MO(2.5 ng), that the defected morphants could be rescued.
Taken our results suggest that YY1 could regulate the PS receptor-mediated engulfment of dead apoptotic cells that affect the tissues morphogenesis such as brain, heart and eyes, which may provide new insights into human, and animal systems on YY1 functions.

白植友，斑馬魚磷脂醯絲胺酸受器啟動子之選殖與功能分析。成功大學生物科技研究所碩士論文，台南，2007。
黃冠榮，斑馬魚磷脂醯絲胺酸受器於骨骼發育過程中的影響。成功大學生物科技研究所碩士論文，台南，2009。
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