隨著全球資源消耗不斷加劇，環境永續議題日益受到關注，循環經濟(Circular Economy)已成為企業推動永續發展的重要策略。在循環經濟的框架下，完整的循環 體系不僅涉及生產與製造層面的改變，亦需透過產品設計與商業模式的調整，以促 進產品與材料的持續再利用。然而，對長期仰賴線性經濟模式運作的企業而言，循 環轉型往往涉及組織變革、流程調整與外部合作等多重挑戰，使得導入循環經濟的 門檻相對較高。
循環設計(Circular design)作為實踐循環經濟的重要途徑，強調透過產品與系統 設計來提升資源的價值保留與再利用潛力。在此過程中，設計師扮演推動循環轉型 的重要角色，透過設計策略的導入，有助於企業能夠基於現有資源條件，探索具循 環潛力的產品方案。然而，由於設計師常面臨對循環設計的實務經驗不足、缺乏具 體策略引導等困境，使循環設計原則難以有效融入實際設計流程中。近年，Design for X(DfX)方法因能提供針對特定設計目標的策略指引，被廣泛應用於永續與循環產 品設計領域，並被視為可協助設計師實踐循環目標的重要工具。然而，現有 DfX 策 略整理多以學術視角出發，缺乏對設計師實務需求的系統性分析與具體應用模式， 因而限制其在實務應用上的可操作性。
因此，本研究旨在建立一套適用於循環產品設計的 DfX 策略集，聚焦於概念發 想階段對設計師的策略輔助，以提升循環策略於產品開發流程中的可操作性與應用 價值。本研究主要分為三個研究階段進行:第一階段為前導研究(pilot study)，透過 參與式設計工作坊(Participatory Design workshop)，邀請四位具備永續設計背景的學 生設計師參與，探討循環產品設計過程中的策略需求與應用情境;第二階段進行系 統性文獻回顧(Systematic review)，搜集並整理既有文獻中與循環產品設計相關之 DfX 策略，並透過內容分析(Content analysis) 彙整並建立 DfX 策略集之初始版本; 第三階段則整合前導研究與文獻分析之結果，將 DfX 策略與循環經濟框架進行對應 與整合，並邀請熟悉循環經濟與產品設計領域之專家，針對各項 DfX 策略與循環經濟框架之關連性進行評估，以檢視其整合之合理性與實用性，並根據專家評估結果 對策略集進行修訂與優化。
研究結果最終提出一套適用於循環產品設計概念發想階段之 DfX 策略集，作為 協助設計師在產品開發早期階段導入循環設計思維的參考工具。本研究期望透過發 展專為循環產品設計所構建的 DfX 策略集，協助設計師更有效地將循環經濟原則納 入設計決策，降低實踐門檻，並提升其開發循環產品設計方案的信心與意願。同時， 本研究亦補充現有文獻在循環設計策略應用層面的研究不足，進一步強化設計師於 企業循環轉型過程中的角色。

As global resource consumption continues to increase, environmental sustainability has received growing attention, and the circular economy (CE) has become an important strategy for promoting sustainable development. Within the CE framework, building an effective circular system requires not only changes in production and manufacturing but also adjustments to product design and business models to support the continuous circulation of products and materials. However, for companies that have long relied on linear economic models, the transition to CE remains challenging, as it entails organisational change, process adjustments, and closer collaboration with external stakeholders.
Circular design is recognised as an important approach to implementing CE by improving the retention and reuse of value in products and materials through product and system design. Therefore, designers play a key role in this transition by supporting companies in exploring circular product opportunities using existing resources through appropriate design strategies. However, designers often face practical challenges, such as limited experience with circular design and a lack of clear strategic guidance, which make it difficult to integrate CE principles into the design process. In recent years, Design for X (DfX) has been widely applied in sustainable and circular product design (CPD) because it offers strategies tailored to specific design objectives. It has also been recognised as an effective approach for supporting designers in achieving circular design goals. However, existing studies on DfX strategies mainly focus on academic perspectives and provide limited discussion of designers' practical needs or specific approaches for applying these strategies in practice. As a result, their practical applicability remains limited.
To address this gap, this study aims to develop a DfX strategy set for CPD, focusing on supporting designers during the concept development stage to improve the practical application of circular strategies in product development. The research consists of three phases. The first phase is a pilot study conducted through a Participatory Design (PD) workshop involving four student designers with backgrounds in sustainable design to explore designers' strategic needs and application scenarios in CPD. The second phase employs a systematic review to identify and collect DfX strategies related to CPD. Content analysis was then conducted to synthesise the findings and develop the initial version of the DfX strategy set. In the third phase, the findings from the pilot study and literature review were integrated by mapping the DfX strategies to a circular economy framework. Experts with experience in CE and product design were invited to evaluate the relationship between each DfX strategy and the CE framework, examining the appropriateness and practical applicability of the proposed integration. Their feedback was then used to revise and refine the final DfX strategy set.
The results of this study present a DfX strategy set for the concept development stage of CPD, providing designers with a practical reference to support the integration of circular design thinking into the early stages of product development. It is expected that the proposed strategy set will help designers more effectively incorporate CE principles into design decision-making, reduce implementation barriers, and increase their confidence in developing circular product solutions. Furthermore, this study contributes to the existing literature by addressing the limited research on the practical application of circular design strategies and further highlights the important role of designers in supporting organisational transitions toward the circular economy.

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