本研究目的在探討破裂面網路水力特性，藉由破裂面網路中有效與無效破裂面之差異，了解優勢水流路徑對破裂岩體水力性質之影響，以及建立從破裂面網路中劃分出優勢路徑技術。研究中首先探討七種單一破裂面水力內寬模式評估結果，進行比較及區分其適用性，進而討論破裂岩體水力邊界露頭對水力性質之影響，以及利用隧道壁破裂面露頭預估隧道滲流量，從而發現破裂面網路中有效破裂面之概念，最後進行破裂岩體代表性體積以及優勢水流路徑之研究。
影響單一破裂面水力內寬最重要參數為破裂面起伏(粗糙度)以及間距(力學內寬)。本研究首先利用六種標準化參數分析破裂面粗糙度JRC(joint roughness coefficient) 標準曲線，發現可有效將粗糙度參數量化並取代。並選取七種水力內寬評估模式進行比較，結果顯示力學內寬與壁面起伏標準差比值可視為區分適用性指標，比值大於8時，適用平行板模式，比值介於3~8時，視破裂面粗糙度特性選擇合適評估模式，當比值小於3時，則以數值模式較能有效評估。
水力邊界上之破裂面露頭將控制水流出入岩體之通道，成為影響水流通路之重要條件。本研究採用二維隨機離散破裂面程式TUNFLOW，探討破裂岩體露頭與水力傳導係數，及隧道壁露頭與湧水量之關係。結果顯示破裂面網路存在有效及無效破裂面，且破裂面密度、長度為控制露頭數最大因素，與破裂面水力參數之相關性極佳。而有效露頭數在破裂岩體水力參數及隧道湧水估計時，為有效及重要之參考依據。最後以露頭數推估隧道湧水量模式應用於雪山隧道，評估誤差在一個級數內，代表此方法有其可行性。
破裂面網路中存在無效破裂面，造成連續模式與離散模式對水力參數預估結果差異甚大，本研究利用二維離散破裂面模式探討代表性體積REV(representative elementary volume)，並利用透析因子獲得相近之結果，代表利用透析因子同樣可評估代表性體積尺度。最後利用質點追蹤技術，以累積質點出現次數進行優勢水流路徑研究，發現此方法可有效顯示出介質水流路徑特性，以及標示出優勢路徑位置，成為相關問題探討中重要研究方法。

The hydraulic properties of single fracture and fracture networks were discussed in this research to explain the influence of effective fractures, and how to separate preferential flow path from original fracture networks. First, seven hydraulic aperture modes were applied to confer the applicable addition of fractures. Then the fracture outcrops were used in estimating the hydraulic conductivity and groundwater seepage into tunnel. Finally, the estimation of representative elementary volume, REV, and method of preferential flow path separation were built in this research.
Joint roughness and mechanical aperture are the major parameters in hydraulic aperture estimation. There were six target modulus based on the elevation of fracture wall used to the standard joint roughness coefficient curve. Result shows roughness average and root-mean-square roughness were useful in roughness evaluation. In addition, seven approaches to evaluate hydraulic aperture in single fracture were compared to interpret the application conditions. Results indicate that the ratio of the mean aperture to its standard deviation of fracture wall is the most significant factor. When this ratio is lager than 8, the parallel plate model is suitable. If the ratio is between 3 and 8, the approach was chosen by the roughness characteristic of fracture wall. In case of the ratio is smaller than 3, numerical simulation is the best approach in hydraulic aperture estimation.
Parameters of fractures are the basic components of hydraulic models in fractured rocks. However, the outcrops of fractures on the hydraulic boundary are the actual passages of inflow and outflow in fractured rocks and tunnel wall. The computer code, TUNFLOW, which is based on the discrete fracture model is applied to estimate the hydraulic conductivity and outcrops of simulated cases in this research. Results show that the preferential path exists in partial fracture net. Density and trace length of fractures are the major factors to amount of the effective outcrops, which are the outcrops that groundwater passed. There is a fairly relation between seepage and outcrops on the tunnel wall. This result could be used in estimating the groundwater surge with number of outcrops, and result in the case of Syueshan tunnel is very close to the record in-situ.
The void fractures of fracture network are the principal reason in the difference of hydraulic property between continuum and discrete approaches. The representative elementary volume, REV, was calculated by the computer code, TUNFLOW, in this research. The distribution of percolation factors shows the similar results. Then the particle tracing was applied to separate preferential flow path. The cumulative frequency of each node is equal to the probability of groundwater passed. This approach could help to display the path of preferential flow, so that it would be a useful method in interrelated research.

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