Background- Self-efficacy is a person’s conviction on their ability to recognize behavior to produce desired and favorable results that influence events to shape their lives. Contraceptive use has been a vital strategy in maintaining population growth and promoting maternal and child health through birth spacing and preventing unwanted and unintended pregnancies. Adolescents from the Sub-Saharan African region have the lowest prevalence rate of contraceptive use, and they have the highest number of pregnancies. Adolescent girls in Eswatini have an unmet contraceptive need of 28.6%. About 12 million adolescent girls aged between 15 and 19 years in developing countries and 770 000 adolescents under 15 years give birth annually. A report from UNFPA Eswatini stated that 87 out of 1000 adolescents give birth in ESwatini. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between contraceptive self-efficacy and contraceptive use intention among adolescent mothers in Eswatini as well as the determinate factors of contraceptive use intention.
Methods- The study was a cross-sectional study. Adolescent mothers were recruited from the post-partum department at Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital. Inclusion criteria were adolescent mothers between the ages of 15-19 years and can communicate and comprehend siSwati and English. Exclusion criteria were cognitively impairment, rape victims, and delivering a stillborn neonate. Data was collected using the Contraceptive Self-Efficacy among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa (CSESSA) which includes husband or partner communication, provider communication, and choosing and managing a method. In this study, the CSESSA Cronbach’s alpha was .86. Contraceptive Use Intention was measured using the Contraceptive Intent Questionnaire (CIQ). In this study, Cronbach’s alpha for CIQ was .67.
Analysis- Descriptive statistics were calculated for the independent variables. Data was analyzed using the simple linear regression model. All quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: This study included 137 adolescent mothers in the post-partum department at RFM hospital. Of the adolescent mothers, 90.5% (n = 124) were unmarried, only 9.5(n = 13) had tertiary education, 20.4% (n = 28) had more than one child, 27.1% (n = 37) did not attend any ANC service at all, and only 25.2% (n = 35) had more than four ANC attendances, only 10.2% (n = 14) planned their pregnancies, and 12.4 (n= 17) had used contraceptives before. Marital status (p < .01), education (p = .007), and choosing a method (p = .002) were greatly associated with contraceptive use intention. R2 from the simple linear regression model was .18.

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