查蒂•史密斯壯麗的小說初航——《白牙》，被譽為是一部多元文化主義的慶典。而作者史密斯在小說中，對於多元文化與基本教義論述的混合辨證，凸顯了英國倫敦這一世界大都會所存在的人文問題和認同矛盾。小說呈現兩種極端的基本教義派之意識形態：狂熱的宗教者企圖從神聖律法中尋找人類的救贖的解方；以及激進的科學家企圖以科技改造人類的先天缺陷。因而，本研究認為史密斯透過小說《白牙》呈現了「宗教式基本教義」和「理性／科學基本教義」這二類極端論述。從小說人物的處境和倫敦多元的文化背景，以角色人物追求救贖的過程，隱喻了宗教性的恩典或科學性的遺傳改良這兩種極端論述的失敗結果，藉此檢視和批判這兩類基本教義論述。有鑒於作者對此二類基本教義開展了創新的多重性辯證，因此本論文第一章探討小說人物——山曼德和米列特二人，以呈現兩種對宗教式基本教義截然不同的立場表述，表達少數族群以宗教式基本教義論述作為一種反抗種族歧視的部署。第二章著重於喬分式基本教義論述，描述其堅信現代科學和人類智慧的無所不能；探討喬分主義如何面臨保守團體和宗教式基本教義論述的挑戰。小說中對兩類基本教義論述的陳述與隱喻，代表著作者史密斯對基本教義的霸權論述作出反抗與針砭，並展現其多元文化觀點和全球化意識。小說中描述基本教義論述之失敗，諭示了宗教式基本教義堅持純粹種族根源的不切實際與空幻，以及批判理性／科學基本教義論述對於現代科技和人類智慧的癡迷與盲從。於是，《白牙》這一部小說最終揭示了一個非常簡單的事實——由於人類生存條件下的有限性和先天的缺憾，使得人類永遠不能達到那個最終且永恆的真理。

Zadie Smith’s debut novel, White Teeth, is known as celebration of multiculturalism which also presents fundamentalist discourses and a problematic and ambivalent view of cosmopolitan London. This thesis thus argues that Smith examines and criticizes two different fundamentalist discourses in her novel—religious fundamentalism and rational/scientific fundamentalism—by situating them against the backdrop of multicultural London to render precarious their claims to redemption, be it redemption by a divine act of grace or by the genetic improvement of mankind. Given that the novel exposes the multiplicities of these two fundamentalist discourses, the first chapter thus examines two rather different expressions of religious fundamentalism, those of Samad and Millat. It points out the deployment of such discourses by ethnic minorities is one way to resist racial discrimination. The second chapter focuses on the Chalfenist fundamentalism, which insists on the omnipotence of modern science and human intelligence. It articulates how this approach comes into conflict with religious fundamentalism and conservative groups. On the one hand, these fundamentalist discourses represent Smith’s awareness of the emergence of counter movements to resist the hegemony of multiculturalism and globalization. The failures of these fundamentalist discourses, on the other hand, point out the impractical fantasy of religions insistence on racial and ethnic purity, and also the blindness of scientific fundamentalists’ obsession with progress, development and human intelligence. Accordingly, White Teeth uncovers a very simple fact that humans can never reach the ultimate and eternal truth, because of the inherent finitude of the human condition and the innate flaws of humanity.

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