木賊屬植物為楔葉蕨綱（Sphenopsida）現存物種，分類位階上可分為兩個亞屬，分別為問荊亞屬與木賊亞屬。過往研究多藉由少數葉綠體基因重建木賊屬親緣關係，顯示 Equisetum bogotense物種的分類地位仍有諸多爭論。相對於胞器DNA的單系遺傳，細胞核DNA則帶有父母雙方的遺傳資訊，藉由核基因與粒線體、葉綠體基因的比較可幫助我們探討物種的演化機制的演化。近年多基因分析發展可提供學者研究物種演化等相關資訊之一強而有力的工具。本研究希望藉多基因分析探討木賊屬物種之親緣關係，了解木賊屬演化歷史並且探討木賊屬植物的生物地理分布。本研究共利用12個葉綠體基因、2個粒線體基因、13個核基因分析木賊屬14個物種，結果顯示E. bogotense是現今存在的木賊屬植物中最古老的物種且亦不會與其他木賊屬物種發生雜交。然而先前研究亦顯示E. bogotense分類位階上的爭論可能是由於木賊屬物種受到遺傳漂變或是具有較大的有效族群數量等原因使得本屬物種處於譜系排序（lineage sorting）過程。除E. bogotense之外，其他物種親緣關係符合先前研究的歸群可明顯區分為兩亞屬，亞屬內的雜交頻繁，且基因交流是影響木賊屬物種親緣關係不可忽略的因子。以生物地理的角度來看，現今存在的木賊屬植物大都分布在北緯四十度至六十度之間的歐洲以及北美洲，以Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA) 分析木賊屬物種可能起源地可能為歐洲中心或是南美洲起源，而後藉由多次的播遷（dispersal）或受到地質上重大歷史事件（vicariance）的影響造成現今地理分布。

Equisetum is a genus which is the only one surviving on the class Sphenosida. The general taxonomy of Equisetum is acquainted with two subgenera: subg. Equisetum and subg. Hippochaete. Previous studies have investigated the phylogeny of Equisetum based on a few of chloroplast genes, an argument were found about clarify the position of E. bogotense. A multilocus analysis provides genealogical information of a species history and power to detect many evolutionary forces. In this study, we use 12 chloroplast genes, two mitochondrial genes and 13 nuclear genes to analysis 14 species of Equisetum, the results imply that E. bogotense is the oldest species on extant species and don't hybrid with other species. Comparative phylogenies from nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial gene markers which can provide biparental and uniparental information are useful for resolving phylogenic patterns. However, previous studies found doubts what clarify the position of E. bogotense, this is discussed that phylogenetic relationships of E. bogotense is maybe at the stage of lineage sorting which is a cause of genetic drift or large population sizes. Except for E. bogotense, the results imply that the phylogenetic relationship of Equisetum make a distinction between subg. Equisetum and subg. Hippochaete. They are many hybrids inter-subgenera, and gene flow plays an important role in the phylogenetic relationships of Equisetum. Phylogeographical, most living species of horsetails have very broad distributions in Europe and North America, their latitude ranging between 40°and 60° north. In a Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA), an ancestral reconstruction of horsetails is the highest possible origin in Europe or South American, and then Equisetum evolved now species by several times of dispersal and vicariance.

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