磷酸鹽為水庫中藍綠細菌生長之重要營養鹽，因此其控制非常重要。本研究針對三種控制磷之吸附劑(鎖磷劑)，以Lanthanum activated modified clay (LAMC)為主，硫酸鋁和碳酸鈣為輔，進行營養鹽及金屬釋出試驗，以評估其吸附及將磷鎖在底泥的能力。並對LAMC並深入探討其吸附動力及平衡吸附之行為。
動力實驗結果顯示，LAMC吸附磷在12小時內達到平衡，約在1小時達到平衡吸附量之一半，足見吸附速率很快。在pH = 5, 7, 9，在有氧及厭氧條件下LAMC 分別可以吸附9.8, 10.3, 8.8 mg P/g 及10.0, 9.8, 8.8 mg P/g。在脫附實驗中，pH 5, 7, 9在有氧條件下LAMC分別釋出磷0.17, 0.12, 0.14 mg/L。在無氧則為0.21, 0.11, 0.15 mg/L。結果顯示吸附磷後在有氧及無氧條件下約釋出~4 % 磷。在有氧及厭氧中鑭溶出量介於0.012 ~ 0.090 mg La/L，約釋出LAMC中鑭總量的0.06-0.46%。磷動力吸附實驗皆能成功地以假二階動力模式模擬其數據。
三種鎖磷劑在厭氧狀態下，磷由底泥釋出通量實驗結果顯示，硫酸鋁和 LAMC 能有效的降低磷的釋出，但碳酸鈣則明顯的無效。與磷釋出通量不同，氮的釋出則不受任一鎖磷劑的影響。
硫酸鋁和LAMC在控制磷釋出時並不全然無缺點，尤其LAMC中鑭的釋出為需要考慮的重要因素。此研究中鑭釋出量顯著，於Mt. Bold水庫底泥試驗經七天後最高達13.2 mg m-2 。約 0.05 % 鑭於LAMC 中釋出。假設稀釋於一公尺水體值為0.013 mg L-1，仍高於標準一千倍。即使混合於一百公尺水體中，稀釋值仍為ANZECC (Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council) 水質標準三倍之多。如此高之鑭釋出通量將排除LAMC於大部分情況應用之可行性。磷、氮、鐵、錳的通量在有氧下，顯著的低於厭氧狀態，此結果顯示通氧氣有助於底泥維持及防止營養鹽及金屬釋出。

Phosphate is a limited nutrient for the growth of cyanobacteria in many reservoirs in Taiwan and around the world. This study was to evaluate the ability of retaining nutrients and metals bound to sediment with three capping agents, including LAMC (Lanthanum activated modified clay), alum, and calcium carbonate, in an intact core release trail. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments were also carried out to study the adsorption of phosphorus onto LAMC.
For LAMC in kinetic experiment, the time to reach equilibrium was within 12 hours. About half of the capacities were reached within 1 hour of adsorption, suggesting a relatively rapid kinetics initially. The adsorption capacities were 9.8, 10.3, and 8.8 mg P/g for pH 5, 7, 9 under oxic and 10.0, 9.8, and 8.8 mg P/g for pH 5, 7, 9 under anoxic condition, respectively. In desorption experiment, phosphorus may be released in oxic condition, with concentrations at 0.17, 0.12, and 0.14 mg/L for pH 5, 7, and 9, respectively; and 0.21, 0.11, 0.15 mg/L under anoxic condition which is ~ 4% of adsorbed phosphorus. For lanthanum, it was also found to release into water of between 0.012~0.090 mg/L, which is about 0.06-0.46% of La in LAMC. The kinetics of phosphorus adsorption data were well fitted with the Pseudo-second rate model.
Three sediment capping agents, LAMC, Alum and CaCO3, were assessed for their ability to retain phosphorus in sediments under anoxic conditions. Alum and LAMC effectively reduced phosphorus release but CaCO3 was largely ineffective. Unlike phosphorus release, the release of nitrogen from sediments was not impacted by any of the three added capping agents.
While alum and LAMC controlled phosphorus release from sediment, the use of these agents is not without problems. Lanthanum release from LAMC treatments in this study was especially significant. Lanthanum concentrations seven days after addition to Mt. Bold sediments were 13.2 mg m-2, with an average 0.05 % Lanthanum released from LAMC. If diluted over a 1m water column, lanthanum concentration in water would be 0.013 mg L-1, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the ANZECC (Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council) guideline of 0.04 µg L-1. Even if the lanthanum was mixed over a 100m water column, the resulting dilution still results in a lanthanum concentration three times the guideline. Release of phosphorus, nitrogen, iron and manganese were all significantly lower under oxic conditions than anoxic conditions supporting the use of oxygenation for maintaining contaminants in sediment where practical.

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