台灣運輸部門(2018)溫室氣體年排放量約為37,126百萬公斤二氧化碳當量。為有效降低交通運輸產生之污染，本研究以台灣私有運具為研究對象，探討電動汽車（油電混合動力車、燃料電池汽車、插電式電動車、純電動車）與汽油車之生命週期碳足跡，並分析在逆物流之環境與經濟效益。最後根據政府政策，評估於2030年公務車與2040年新售車全面電動化，對環境所產生之效益。研究結果顯示，小客車生命週期溫室氣體排放量，最低為插電式混合動力車(18,582.04 kgCO2e)，其餘依序為純電動汽車(21,839.08 kgCO2e)、氫燃料電池車(24,947.13 kgCO2e)、油電混合動力車(27,507.71 kgCO2e)及汽油車(36,509.62 kgCO2e)。逆物流效益中，經濟方面，以純電動車具有較高的效益(USD$1,608.31)，其餘依次為氫燃料電池車(USD$896.75)、插電式混合動力車(USD$815.57)、油電混合動力車(USD$689.85)，最後則為汽油車 (USD$643.72)；環境方面，以汽油車對環境影響較小(僅增加441.41 kgCO2e排放)，其餘依次為插電式混合動力車(735.29 kgCO2e)、氫燃料電池車(618.68 kgCO2e)及油電混合動力車(522.61 kgCO2e)，純電動車 (增加1,782.72 kgCO2e排放)對環境影響最大，主因為處理鋰電池產生的污染較高，導致排放量高於其他車種。最後在政府提出的公務車與新售車全面電動化，以插電式混合動力車最具環境效益，可減少的總溫室氣體排放量約為700.8百萬公斤二氧化碳當量，相當於可植栽約6,950萬棵樹，與減少台灣運輸部門總排放量18.87%。因此若未來要推動電動車，本研究建議應以最具環境效益之插電式混合動力車為優先考量。

The GHG emissions of department of Taiwan’s transportation (2018) are approximately 37,126 MtCO2e every year. In order to reduce the pollution effectively caused by transportation, Taiwan’s private vehicles are taken as the research target to explore the life cycle carbon footprint of electric vehicles (hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles) and gasoline vehicles, and analyze the impact of environment and economy among the reverse logistics. The final evaluation is based on government policies to fully electrification official vehicles in 2030 and newly sold vehicles in 2040, and the benefits to the environment. The results for the calculation of the vehicle carbon footprints from great to small in the following order are: gasoline vehicles (36,509.62 kgCO2e), hybrid electric vehicles (27,507.71 kgCO2e), fuel cell vehicles (24,947.13 kgCO2e), battery electric vehicles (21,839.08 kgCO2e), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (18,582.04 kgCO2e). Among the benefits reverse logistics , in terms of economy, battery electric vehicles have a higher impact (about USD$1,608.31), the others in order are fuel cell vehicle (USD$896.75), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(USD$815.57), hybrid electric vehicles(USD$689.85), and the gasoline vehicles(USD$643.72) ; in terms of environmental, gasoline vehicles have a lower impact ( about 441.4 kgCO2e ), the others in order are plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (735.29 kgCO2e), fuel cell vehicle (618.68 kgCO2e) , hybrid electric vehicles (522.61 kgCO2e), and battery electric vehicles (increase about 1,782.72 kgCO2e). Battery electric vehicles have higher impact to environmental, because the Lithium batteries have higher pollution. In the government’s final proposal to fully electrify official state vehicles and newly sold vehicles , plug-in hybrid vehicles are the most environmentally beneficial. The plug-in hybrid vehicle can reduce total GHG emissions by approximately 700.8 MtCO2e , which is equivalent to planting 69.5 million trees , and reduce the total emissions of Taiwan’s transportation sector by 18.87%. Therefore , this study suggests that if electric vehicles are to be promoted in the future , the most environmentally-efficient plug-in hybrid vehicles should be the priority consideration.

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