硝基苯(Nitrobenzene)是一種重要且普遍使用的工業化合物，在使用過程中難免因為洩漏、滲透、處置不當而污染環境。由於本身結構的特性使之易還原不易被氧化及生物降解，而還原的最終產物苯胺也具有高毒性，因此選擇合適處理技術以徹底降解硝基苯具有實際的意義。本研究利用硫化亞鐵(FeS)直接還原硝基苯以及利用其所釋出的亞鐵離子作為過氧化氫的催化劑，並將兩種方法結合，探討先還原後氧化處理硝基苯的可行性。實驗中研究了pH、硫化亞鐵、過氧化氫、硝基苯濃度及還原時間對於反應的影響，並探討了直接氧化的中間產物生成路徑及先還原後氧化的操作條件。
直接還原結果顯示硫化亞鐵具有調節pH值的能力，初始pH值不影響硫化亞鐵對硝基苯的還原效率；提高起始硝基苯濃度會降低還原效率；整體還原過程TOC無明顯變化，硝基苯並沒有得到徹底的降解。直接氧化結果顯示降低pH值略有利於氧化的進行，但總體區別不明顯；提高硫化亞鐵投加量能夠加速反應，增加幅度隨投加量的增加而降低；增加過氧化氫濃度可以加速反應並提高TOC的去除率，但是反應速度增幅遠低於過氧化氫濃度的增幅。中間產物分析表明氧化的主要中間產物為2-硝基酚、3-硝基酚、4-硝基酚及酚，其中2-硝基酚是最主要的中間產物。在先還原後氧化實驗結果表明還原不同時間(6-24小時)對後續氧化無明顯影響；與直接氧化相比較，先還原后氧化可以明顯提高TOC的去除率，礦化效果更好，並且隨著初始硫化亞鐵量和硝基苯濃度的增加而增加。通過本研究可知，無論採用還原法、氧化法或者先還原後氧化法，硫化亞鐵都可以有效處理硝基苯污染的水源水，其中先還原後氧化方法不但反應速率快，硝基苯降解也更徹底，具有很好的應用前景，解決硝基苯污染問題提供了新的解決方案。

Nitrobenzene (NB) is an important organic compound used in industrial processes. Due to its property, the chemical is resistant to oxidation and biological treatment. In this study, ferrous sulfide (FeS) is proposed to reduce NB and to trigger hydrogen peroxide based advanced oxidation. Experimental parameters considered in this study include pH, dosages of ferrous sulfide and H2O2, nitrobenzene concentration and reaction time. Experimental results show that initial pH has little effect on NB reaction efficiency with final pH maintained at around 4 and little TOC removal. Increase of NB concentration may decrease the reduction rate. For catalytic oxidation of NB, removal rate did not change much in most pH range but increased with increasing FeS dosage of from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L. However, at higher FeS dosage, the effect of FeS dosage on NB degradation rate became very minor. When H2O2 dosage increased from 0.64 to 6.4 mM, NB removal rate increased by 3.6 times. The major intermediates for NB oxidation are found to be 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol. In the combined process of reduction followed by oxidation, longer reduction time did not increase the removal rate of NB but may increase TOC removal rate. For reduction time of 1 hour and FeS dosages of 0.1 to 0.6 g/L, the combined processed showed better NB removal compared to that of direct oxidation.

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