簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 李麗鑽
Pongsakornvorawat, Kanpakarat
論文名稱: Understanding the Political Participation Behavior from Perspectives of the Confirmation Bias Theory and the BDI model
Understanding the Political Participation Behavior from Perspectives of the Confirmation Bias Theory and the BDI model
指導教授: 陳正忠
Chen, Jeng-chung (Victor)
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 國際經營管理研究所
Institute of International Management
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 134
外文關鍵詞: Confirmation bias, Social influence Theory, We-intention, BDI model, Political participation, Social networking sites, Political crisis
相關次數: 點閱:131下載:1
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • When the world has been stepping into the internet era, SNSs play a crucial role in political participation in terms of driving the collective action as well as it may tend to increase online users' exposure to biased and distorted news. This phenomenon is called “confirmation bias.” The previous research on their mixed impact on confirmation bias and social influences has not been investigated. This research’s objective is to identify impacts of social influence processes and informational valuation processes on participation behavior in SNSs in political context. The experiment was conducted during the political crisis in Thailand. Firstly, this study implements an online experimental survey as a quantitative research instrument to explore the informational valuation processes (i.e., confirmation bias, strength of prior belief and perceived knowledge). Secondly, the research framework proposed by this study is based on the BDI model, we-intention, and related literature. Lastly, quantitative research was conducted through PLS-SEM to test the hypothesis and framework. Results show that both Facebook and Twitter, perceived knowledge didn’t affect the relationship between strength of prior belief and confirmation bias, and there was no mediation effect of desire toward perceived knowledge and we-intention. We also found that in the political context, social influence processes have a greater impact than informational valuation processes on we-intention to use SNSs for political collaboration during political crises.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV LIST OF TABLES VIII LIST OF FIGURES X CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background. 1 1.1.1 The Role of Social Network Sites on Political Participation. 2 1.2 Research Gap. 5 1.3 Research Questions. 6 1.4 Research Objective. 6 1.5 Research Contribution. 6 1.6 Research Procedure. 7 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1 Belief-Desire-Intention Model. 8 2.2 Social Influence Theory. 9 2.3 We-Intention. 11 2.3.1 We-intention Definition. 11 2.3.2 We-intention Research in Social Psychology and IS fields. 12 2.3.3 Distinctions between I-Intention and We-Intention. 15 2.4 The BDI Model and We-intention in Political Context. 17 2.5 Confirmation Bias. 18 2.5.1 Prior Researches of Confirmation Bias in IS Field. 19 2.5.2 Confirmation Bias in Political Perspective. 20 2.5.3 Prior Research of Confirmation Bias Theory and Political Participation. 22 2.6 Theory of Reasoned Action. 23 2.7 Hypotheses Development. 24 2.7.1 Social Influence Processes. 24 2.7.2 The Mediating Effect of Desire. 27 2.7.3 The Direct Effect of Desire. 27 2.7.4 We-Intention to Participate and Participation Behavior. 28 2.7.5 Informational Valuation Processes. 28 2.7.6 Confirmation Bias and Attitude in We-Intention. 30 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 32 3.1 Research Framework. 32 3.1.1 Conceptual Framework. 32 3.1.2 Hypotheses Summary. 33 3.2 Construct Measurements. 34 3.2.1 Questionnaires. 34 3.2.2 Experiment. 37 3.2.3 Set of Control Variables. 38 3.3 Design of The Experiment. 39 3.3.1 Experimental Data. 39 3.4 Research Context. 42 3.4.1 SNSs Usage in Thailand and its Dynamic of Political Participation. 42 3.4.2 Thailand Political Crisis During 2019-2020. 43 3.5 Data Sampling. 48 CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 51 4.1 Data Collection. 51 4.2 Part 1 Data Analysis for Facebook. 53 4.2.1 Descriptive Statistics Analysis of The Samples. 53 4.2.2 Measurement Model Evaluation. 56 4.2.3 Structural Equation Modelling. 63 4.3 Part 2 Data Analysis for Twitter. 75 4.3.1 Descriptive Statistics Analysis of The Samples. 75 4.3.2 Measurement Model Evaluation. 78 4.3.3 Structural Equation Modelling. 85 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 97 5.1 Research Discussion. 97 5.1.1 Survey Results. 99 5.1.2 Experimental Results. 100 5.2 Research Conclusion. 101 5.3 Research Contributions. 103 5.3.1 Theoretical Implications. 103 5.3.2 Practical Implications. 104 5.4 Research Limitation and Suggestions for Future Research. 105 5.4.1 Research Limitations. 105 5.4.2 Suggestions for future Research. 107 REFERENCES 108 APPENDICES 115 Appendix 1: Online Experimental Survey. 115 1.1 Set of Survey and Experiment of Pro-democracy Group. 115 1.2 Set of Survey and Experiment of Pro-government Group. 121 1.3 Set of Survey and Experiment of The Neutral Group. 127

    REFERENCES
    Abbate, C. E. (2016). "Higher" and "lower" political animals: A critical analysis of Aristotle's account of the political animal. Journal of Animal Ethics, 6(1).
    Adams, P. A., & Adams, J. K. (1960). Confidence in the recognition and reproduction of words difficult to spell. The American Journal of Psychology, 73(4), 544-552.
    Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
    Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. . (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of economic perspective, 31(2), 211-236.
    Bagozzi R.P., D., U.M., and Mookerjee, A. (2006). Individual and Group Bases of Social Influence in Online Environments. Media Psychology, 8(2), 95-126.
    Bagozzi, R. P., & Dholakia, U. M. (2002). Intentional social action in virtual communities. Journal of interactive marketing, 16(2), 2-21.
    Bagozzi, R. P., & Lee, K. H. . (2002). Multiple routes for social influence: The role of compliance,internalization, and social identity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 65(3), 226-247.
    Bagozzi, R. P., & Dholakia, U. M. (2002). Intentional social action in virtual communities. Journal of interactive marketing, 16(2), 2-21.
    Bagozzi, R. P., Gaur, S. S., & Tiwari, S. P. (2018). Social influence and intentional social action in dyadic relationship decisions under a key informant methodology. Archives of Psychology, 2(6).
    Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2001). Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. The quarterly journal of economics, 116(1), 261-292.
    Barki, H., & Hartwick, J. (1994). Measuring user participation, use involvement, and user attitude. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 18(1).
    Becker, T. E., Randall, D. M., & Riegel, C. D. (1995). The multidimensional view of commitment and the theory of reasoned action: A comparative evaluation. Journal of Management, 21(4), 617–638.
    Bergami, M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2000). Self‐categorization, affective commitment and group self‐esteem as distinct aspects of social identity in the organization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(4).
    Bhargava, V. K. (2006). Global issues for global citizens: An introduction to key development challenges. Washington, D.C., USA: The World Bank.
    Bhattacherjee, A., & Barfar, A. (2011). Information technology continuance research: current state and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 21(2), 1-18.
    Bock, G. W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y. G., and Lee, J. N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. Mis Quarterly, 29(1), 87-111.
    Bratman, M. (1987). Intention, plans, and practical reason (Vol. 10). Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press.
    Brucks, M. (1985). The effects of product class knowledge on information search behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(1), 1-16.
    Budd, R. J. (1986). Predicting cigarette use: The need to incorporate measures of salience in the theory of reasoned action1,2. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16(8), 663–685.
    Chen, J., Elakhdary, M., & Ha, Q. . (2019). The continuance use of social network sites for political participation: Evidences from Arab countries. Journal Of Global Information Technology Management, 22(3), 156-178.
    Chen, J. V., Hiele, T. M., Kryszak, A., & Ross, W. H. (2020). Predicting intention to participate in socially responsible collective action in social networking website groups. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 21(2).
    Cheung, C. M., Chan, G. W., & Limayem, M. . (2005). A critical review of online consumer behavior: Empirical research. Journal of electronic commerce in organizations (JECO), 3(4), 1-19.
    Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, M. K. O. . (2009). Understanding the sustainability of a virtual teacher community: An empirical investigation. Journal of Information Science, 35(3), 279-298.
    Cheung, C. M. K., Shen, Aaron X.L., Lee, Matthew K.O., & Wang, Weiping. (2007). Let`s work together! We-intention to use instant messaging for e-collaboration. Paper presented at the Paper presented at the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) at AIS Electronic Library (AISe), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
    Choi, J. (2016). Why do people use news differently on SNSs? An investigation of the role of motivations, media repertoires, and technology cluster on citizens’ news-related activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 54(0), 249–256.
    Choi, J., Lee, J. K., & Metzgar, E. T. . (2017). Investigating effects of social media news sharing on the relationship between network heterogeneity and political participation. Computers in Human Behavior, 75(0), 25-31.
    Darley, J. M., & Gross, P. H. (1983). A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 20-23.
    Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.
    Dholakia, U. M., Bagozzi, R. P., & Pearo, L. K. (2004). A social influence model of consumer participation in network-and small-group-based virtual communities. International journal of research in marketing, 21(3), 241-263.
    Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Texus, USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
    Ekström, M., & Shehata, A. (2018). Social media, porous boundaries, and the development of online political engagement among young citizens. New Media & Society, 20(2), 740-759.
    Ellemers, N., Kortekaas, P., & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (1999). Self‐categorisation, commitment to the group and group self‐esteem as related but distinct aspects of social identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(2-3), 371-389.
    Festinger, L. (1962). Cognitive dissonance. Scientific American, 207(4), 93-106.
    Fischer P, F. J., Weisweiler S, Frey D. (2010). Selective exposure to information: How different modes of decision making affect subsequent confirmatory information processing. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49(4), 871–881.
    Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
    Fishbein, M., Jaccard, J., Davidson, A. R., Ajzen, I., & Loken, B. . (1980). Predicting and understanding family planning behaviors. Paper presented at the Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
    Ganjanakhundee, S. (2020). Social media and Thailand’s struggle over public space. ISEAS Perspective, 67(0).
    Garimella, K., De Francisci Morales, G., Gionis, A., & Mathioudakis, M. . (2018). Political discourse on social media: Echo chambers, gatekeepers, and the price of bipartisanship. Paper presented at the Paper presented at the 2018 World Wide Web Conference, Lyon France.
    Georgeff, M., Pell, B., Pollack, M., Tambe, M., & Wooldridge, M. . (1998). The belief-desire-intention model of agency. Paper presented at the Paper presented at International workshop on agent theories, architectures, and languages, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
    Gilbert, M. (1996). Living together: Rationality, sociality, and obligation. Maryland, USA: Rowman & Littlefield.
    Gottfried, J., & Shearer, E. (Producer). (2016). News use across social media platforms 201.
    Hart W, A. n. D., Eagly AH, Brechan I, Lindberg MJ, Merrill L. (2009). Feeling validated versus being correct: A meta-analysis of selective exposure to information. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 555–588.
    Jaques, P. A., & Vicari, R. M. (2007). A BDI approach to infer student’s emotions in an intelligent learning environment. Computers & Education, 49(2), 360- 384.
    Jonas, E., Schulz-Hardt, S., Frey, D., & Thelen, N. (2001). Confirmation bias in sequential information search after preliminary decisions: An expansion of dissonance theoretical research on selective exposure to information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(4).
    Kelman, H. C. (1974). Further thoughts on the processes of compliance, identification, and internalization. In J. T. T. (ed.) (Ed.), Perspectives on social power (pp. 126-171). Chicago: Aldine Press.
    Kim, Y. (2011). The contribution of social network sites to exposure to political difference: The relationships among SNSs, online political messaging, and exposure to cross-cutting perspectives. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 971-977.
    Klayman, J., & Ha, Y.-w. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94(2), 211-228.
    Knoll, J., Matthes, J., & Heiss, R. (2020). The social media political participation model: A goal systems theory perspective. Convergence, 26(1), 135-156.
    Konana, P., & Balasubramanian, S. (2005). The social–economic–psychological model of technology adoption and usage: an application to online investing. Decision Support Systems, 39(3), 505-524.
    Kongkirati, P., & Kanchoochat, V. (2018). The Prayuth regime: Embedded military and hierarchical capitalism in Thailand. Trans: Trans-Regional And-National Studies of Southeast Asia, 6(2), 279-305.
    Koo, C., Joun, Y., Han, H., & Chung, N. (2016). A structural model for destination travel intention as a media exposure. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(7), 1338–1360.
    Kruger, J. (1999). Lake Wobegon be gone! The" below-average effect" and the egocentric nature of comparative ability judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(2).
    Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 311.
    Lee, M. K. O., Cheung, C. M. K., & Chen, Z. H. (2005). Acceptance of Internet-based learning medium: the role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Information & Management, 42(8), 1095–1104.
    Lee, M. K. O., Cheung, C. M. K., Lim, K. H., & Sia, C. L. (2006). Understanding customer knowledge sharing in web-based discussion boards - An exploratory study. Internet Research, 16(3), 289-303.
    Lev-On, A., & Manin, B. . (2009). Happy accidents: Deliberation and online exposure to opposing views. In S. G. Todd Davies (Ed.), Online Deliberation: Design, Research and Practice: Forthcoming.
    Limayem, M., Hirt, S. G., & Cheung, C. M. (2007). How habit limits the predictive power of intention: The case of information systems continuance. Mis Quarterly, 31(4), 705-737.
    Mahajan, J. (1992). The overconfidence effect in marketing management predictions. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 329-342.
    Maheshwari, S. (2017). 20th Century Fox gives real apology for a fake news campaign. The New York Times.
    McCARGO, D. (2019). Anatomy: Future backward. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 41(2), 152-163.
    McCargo, D., T Alexander, S., & Desatova, P. (2016). Ordering peace: Thailand's 2016 constitutional referendum. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 39(1), 65-95.
    Montesano, C. H. (2019). After the coup: The national council for peace and order era and the future of Thailand. Singapore: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.
    Moore, D. A., & Healy, P. J. (2008). The trouble with overconfidence. Psychological Review, 115(2).
    Moore, D. A., & Small, D. A. . (2007). Error and bias in comparative judgment: On being both better and worse than we think we are. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(2).
    Moravec, P., Minas, R., & Dennis, A. R. (2018). Fake news on social media: People believe what they want to believe when it makes no sense at all. Kelley School of Business Research Paper, 18-87.
    Mulgan , R. G. (1974). Aristotle's doctrine that man is a political animal. Hermes, 102(H3), 438-445.
    Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175-220.
    Oliveira, M., & Huertas, M. . (2015). Does life satisfaction influence the intention (we-intention) to use Facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 50(0), 205-210. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.047
    Park CW, G. M., Thukral VK. (1988). Self-perceived knowledge: Some effects on information processing for a choice task. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 101(3), 401-424.
    Park, J., Konana, P., Gu, B., Kumar, A., & Raghunathan, R. . (2013). Information Valuation and Confirmation Bias in Virtual Communities: Evidence from Stock Message Boards. Information Systems Research, 24(4), 1050–1067. doi:doi:10.1287/isre.2013.0492
    Park J., K. P., Gu B., Kumar A. & Raghunathan R. . (2013). Information valuation and confirmation bias in virtual communities: Evidence from stock message boards. Information Systems Research, 24(4), 1050–1067.
    Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2001). The role of desires and anticipated emotions in goal‐directed behaviours: Broadening and deepening the theory of planned behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(1), 79-98.
    POSTMES, T., SPEARS, R., & LEA, M. . (1998). Breaching or building social boundaries?: Side-effects of computer-mediated communication. Communication Research, 25(6), 689–715.
    Prestholdt, P. H., Lane, I. M., & Mathews, R. C. . (1987). Nurse turnover as reasoned action: development of a process model. The Journal of applied psychology, 72(2), 221–227.
    Rao, A. S., & Georgeff, M. P. (1995). BDI agents: from theory to practice. Paper presented at the Paper presented at International Conference on Multiagent System, San Francisco, California, USA.
    Sawasdee, S. (2019). Electoral integrity and the repercussions of institutional manipulations: The 2019 general election in Thailand. Asian Journal Of Comparative Politics, 5(1), 52-68.
    Schwind, C., Buder, J., Cress, U., & Hesse, F. W. . (2012). Preference-inconsistent recommendations: An effective approach for reducing confirmation bias and stimulating divergent thinking? Computers & Education, 58(2), 787-796.
    Searle, J. R. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality. New York, USA: Simon and Schuster.
    Shen, A., Cheung, C., Lee, M., & Chen, H. . (2009). How social influence affects we-intention to use instant messaging: The moderating effect of usage experience. Information Systems Frontiers, 13(2), 157-169.
    Shen, A. X., Cheung, C. M., Lee, M. K., & Chen, H. . (2011). How social influence affects we-intention to use instant messaging: The moderating effect of usage experience. Information Systems Frontiers, 13(2), 157-169.
    Shen, A. X., Lee, M. K., Cheung, C. M., & Chen, H. (2010). Gender differences in intentional social action: We-intention to engage in social network-facilitated team collaboration. Journal of Information Technology, 25(2), 152–169. doi:10.1057/jit.2010.12
    Shen, A. X. L., Cheung, Christy M.K., Lee, Matthew K.O., & Wang, WeiPing. (2007). We-Intention to use instant messaging for collaboration: A social influence model. Paper presented at the Paper presented at Pacific Asia Conferences on Information Systems, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Shen, A. X. L. C., Christy M.K; Lee, Matthew K.O; and Wang, WeiPing. (2007). We-Intention to Use Instant Messaging for Collaboration: A Social Influence Model. Paper presented at the Paper presented at Pacific Asia Conferences on Information Systems, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Shen, X.-L., Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, M. K. O. (2013). Perceived critical mass and collective intention in social media-supported small group communication. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 707–715.
    Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. . (1988). The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research withrRecommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3).
    Silverman, C. (Producer). (2020). The Backfire Effect.
    Smith RE, S. W. (1988). Cognitive response to advertising and trial: Belief strength, belief confidence and product curiosity. Journal of Advertising, 17(3), 3-14.
    Stroud, N. J. (2008). Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure. Political Behavior, 30(3), 341–366.
    Swann, W. B., Griffin, J. J., Predmore, S. C., & Gaines, B. . (1987). The cognitive–affective crossfire: When self-consistency confronts self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 881–889.
    Tajfel, H. T., & Turner, J. JC. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. Psychology of intergroup relations, 7-24.
    Theocharis & Van Deth. (2018). The continuous expansion of citizen participation: A new taxonomy. European Political Science Review, 10(1), 139-163.
    Tomasello, M. (1999). The cultural origins of human cognition. Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press.
    Trope, Y., & Bassok, M. (1982). Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(1), 22-34.
    Tsai, H. T., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2014). Contribution behavior in virtual communities: Cognitive, emotional, and social influences. Mis Quarterly, 38(1), 143-164.
    Tuomela, R. (1995). The importance of us: A philosophical study of basic social notions. California, USA: Stanford University Press.
    Tuomela, R. (2002). The philosophy of social practices: A collective acceptance view. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Tuomela, R. (2006). Joint intention, we‐mode and I‐mode. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 30(1), 35-58.
    Tuomela, R. (2007). The philosophy of sociality: The shared point of view. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    Tuomela, R. (2013). Social ontology: Collective intentionality and group agents. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    Turner, J. C. (1991). Social influence. California, USA: Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
    van Strien, J. L., Kammerer, Y., Brand-Gruwel, S., & Boshuizen, H. P. (2016). How attitude strength biases information processing and evaluation on the web. Computers in Human Behavior, 60(0), 245-252.
    Varian, H. R. (1989). Differences of opinion in financial markets. Paper presented at the Paper presented at the Eleventh Annual Economic Policy Conference of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, St. Louis.
    Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. Mis Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478.
    Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (1998). Situation effects and levels of analysis in the study of leader participation. MONOGRAPHS IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, 24.
    Wan Chan, D. S., & Pun, N. (2020). Economic power of the political powerless in the 2019 Hong Kong pro-democracy movement. Critical Asian Studies, 52(1), 33-43. doi:doi:10.1080/14672715.2019.1708019
    Wang, K., Lu, H.-T., & Chang, K.-C. (2018). Determinants of we-intention for continuance in MMORPG. Paper presented at the Paper presented at the 5th Multidisciplinary International Social Networks Conference on - MISNC ’18, United States.
    Wilson, R. A. (2017). Collective intentionality in non-human animals. In M. J. a. K. Ludwig (Ed.), Routledge handbook on collective intentionality. USA.
    Yin, D., Mitra, S., & Zhang, H. (2016). When do consumers value positive vs. negative reviews? An empirical investigation of confirmation bias in online word of mouth. Information Systems Research, 27(1), 131–144.
    Zhao, H., Fu, S., & Chen, X. . (2020). Promoting users’ intention to share online health articles on social media: The role of confirmation bias. Information processing & management, 57(6).

    下載圖示
    2026-02-22公開
    QR CODE