One-dimensional 奈米結構在現今科學引起了廣大的興趣,由於它們具有特殊和優越的性質相對於塊材(bulk)的結構。本研究在探討將材料BiFeO3(簡稱BFO)生成1維奈米結構nanowire；此化合物是少數同時具有鐵電性ferroelectricity(居禮溫度Tc=810℃) 和反鐵磁性antiferromagnetism(Neel temperature TN =380℃)在室溫下共存的材料 ，因此被認為具有很大的應用潛力在於磁、介電材料領域的應用。BFO材料在於1960’S，就已經被發現，但是它在電子工業應用方面得不到發展，主要有以下幾個原因: 一方面，BiFeO3中存在Bi和Fe，由於Bi和Fe的存在影響到製備單相BiFeO3材料，而且鐵的價數容易發生波動(Fe3+轉化為Fe2+)，鐵價數的波動，使得BiFeO3漏電流較大；另一方面BiFeO3本身具有的低介電常數和低電阻率致使很難觀測到電滯曲線；另外，固相法合成BiFeO3往往得不到單相，並且經常含有少量的Bi2Fe4O9、Bi25FeO40等雜質。近年來，人們對BiFeO3的研究又有了新的興趣，主要是BiFeO3在收音機、電視、微波、通訊衛星、數據儲存和永磁體等領域將會有很好的應用，因此，近年來很多學者通過各種不同的方法來製備純的BiFeO3粉體，主要有2種方法(1)固相法，以Bi2O3和Fe2O3為原料在800~830℃燒結，Bi2O3和Bi2Fe4O9等雜相用硝酸除去得到BiFeO3純相；(2)化學法，利用共沉積法 、 鐵酸鹽添加螯合劑前驅法、sol-gel合成法製備單相BiFeO3。奈米技術是近幾十年來的新興科技，所以此論文所研究的是使用現今的奈米技術和觀念，改變BFO材料的結構，以期能得到更佳的物理性質，本實驗是以硝酸鉍，硝酸鐵和酒石酸為螯合劑，製備BiFeO3單晶奈米線結構。文獻[40]上記載的BFO奈米線生成大部分所使用的是NCA (porous nanochannel alumina) template 生成；本研究所要介紹的是另一種不使用NCA template 而在Si substrate 生成所欲得到的奈米線結構。

One-dimensional nano-structures have generated considerable interest, due to their unique and superior qualities opposite bulk structures. The investigation in BiFeO3(BFO) material is to transform its morphology into nanowires. The BiFeO3 compound is one of the few materials with coexistent ferroelectricity (TC =810℃) and antiferromagnetism (Neel temperature TN =380℃) at room temperature. Therefore, BFO material is considered to have the great potential for applications in magnetic as well as in ferroelectric devices.
Though BiFeO3 was discovered in the 1960’s, but it has the week use in the field of electronics for several reasons: one is that Bi and Fe atoms make it hard form BiFeO3 single phase and ionic iron valence changes from tervalency to bivalence easily result in BiFeO3 has quite high leakage current. In the other hand BiFeO3 its low dielectric constant and resistance make it hard to measure hysteresis loop; furthermore BiFeO3 single phase cannot be synthesized by solid state method and it often includes Bi2Fe4O9、Bi25FeO40 etc impurity phases. Recently, it has generated considerable interest, being a material with great potential applications, by a combination of its magnetic and electric properties in the field of electronics: radio, television, audio-video and digital recording, and as permanent magnets. Thus, the synthesis of bismuth ferrite materials subject of renewed research and attempts have been made to obtain a pure phase. There are two major preparation technique, solid-state reactions based on Bi2O3 andFe2O3 have been used, with thermal treatments around 800°-830℃, but unreacted Bi2O3/ Bi2Fe4O9 were present and removed by washing with HNO3.. Another chemical method includes simultaneous precipitation / coprecipitation involving starting solutions such as Bi and Fe nitrates with ammonium hydroxide and sol-gel method to obtain pure-phase BiFeO3 .Nano-stucture synthesis is the new technique for the last decades. So, the subject of the research is to change BFO material structure by recently nano-techniques and hope to get better physical qualities. In the literature[40], BFO nanowires synthesis has successful done by NCA (porous nanochannel alumina) template, but in the study represents another BFO nanowires synthesis in Si substrate without using NCA template.

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